Parametrically encircled higher-order exceptional points in anti-parity-time symmetric optical microcavities

Abstract

The fascinating realm of non-Hermitian physics with the interplay of parity (P) and time-reversal (T) symmetry has been witnessing immense attention in exploring unconventional physics at Exceptional Point (EP) singularities. Particularly, the physics of PT-symmetry, anti-PT (APT)-symmetry, and the emergence of EPs have ignited fervor in photonics. Beyond the conventional relation between EP and PT-symmetric phase transitions, this study delves into hosting higher-order EPs in a specially designed APT-symmetric Fabry-P\'erot-type microcavity. We unveil the captivating physics of the parametric encirclement schemes to explore the branch-point behaviors of EPs up to order three in terms of successive state-flipping, while optimizing the designed cavity under APT-symmetric constraints. The insights from our findings are poised to boost research in optical metamaterials, meeting the demands of APT-symmetry and paving the way for a novel class of photonic devices.