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      Titanium Disulfide Based Saturable Absorber for Generating Passively Mode-Locked and Q-Switched Ultra-Fast Fiber Lasers

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          Abstract

          In our work, passively mode-locked and Q-switched Er-doped fiber lasers (EDFLs) based on titanium disulfide (TiS 2) as a saturable absorber (SA) were generated successfully. Stable mode-locked pulses centred at 1531.69 nm with the minimum pulse width of 2.36 ps were obtained. By reducing the length of the laser cavity and optimizing the cavity loss, Q-switched operation with a maximum pulse energy of 67.2 nJ and a minimum pulse duration of 2.34 µs was also obtained. Its repetition rate monotonically increased from 13.17 kHz to 48.45 kHz with about a 35 kHz tuning range. Our experiment results fully indicate that TiS 2 exhibits excellent nonlinear absorption performance and significant potential in acting as ultra-fast photonics devices.

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          The rise of graphene.

          A. K. Geim, K. S. Novoselov (2007)
          Graphene is a rapidly rising star on the horizon of materials science and condensed-matter physics. This strictly two-dimensional material exhibits exceptionally high crystal and electronic quality, and, despite its short history, has already revealed a cornucopia of new physics and potential applications, which are briefly discussed here. Whereas one can be certain of the realness of applications only when commercial products appear, graphene no longer requires any further proof of its importance in terms of fundamental physics. Owing to its unusual electronic spectrum, graphene has led to the emergence of a new paradigm of 'relativistic' condensed-matter physics, where quantum relativistic phenomena, some of which are unobservable in high-energy physics, can now be mimicked and tested in table-top experiments. More generally, graphene represents a conceptually new class of materials that are only one atom thick, and, on this basis, offers new inroads into low-dimensional physics that has never ceased to surprise and continues to provide a fertile ground for applications.
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            Electronics and optoelectronics of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides.

            Qing Hua Wang, Kourosh Kalantar-Zadeh, Andras Kis … (2012)
            The remarkable properties of graphene have renewed interest in inorganic, two-dimensional materials with unique electronic and optical attributes. Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are layered materials with strong in-plane bonding and weak out-of-plane interactions enabling exfoliation into two-dimensional layers of single unit cell thickness. Although TMDCs have been studied for decades, recent advances in nanoscale materials characterization and device fabrication have opened up new opportunities for two-dimensional layers of thin TMDCs in nanoelectronics and optoelectronics. TMDCs such as MoS(2), MoSe(2), WS(2) and WSe(2) have sizable bandgaps that change from indirect to direct in single layers, allowing applications such as transistors, photodetectors and electroluminescent devices. We review the historical development of TMDCs, methods for preparing atomically thin layers, their electronic and optical properties, and prospects for future advances in electronics and optoelectronics.
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              Recent developments in compact ultrafast lasers.

              Ursula Keller (2003)
              Ultrafast lasers, which generate optical pulses in the picosecond and femtosecond range, have progressed over the past decade from complicated and specialized laboratory systems to compact, reliable instruments. Semiconductor lasers for optical pumping and fast optical saturable absorbers, based on either semiconductor devices or the optical nonlinear Kerr effect, have dramatically improved these lasers and opened up new frontiers for applications with extremely short temporal resolution (much smaller than 10 fs), extremely high peak optical intensities (greater than 10 TW/cm2) and extremely fast pulse repetition rates (greater than 100 GHz).
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Nanomaterials (Basel)
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Nanomaterials (Basel)
                Journal ID (publisher-id): nanomaterials
                Title: Nanomaterials
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Electronic): 2079-4991
                Publication date (Electronic): 26 September 2020
                Publication date Collection: October 2020
                Volume: 10
                Issue: 10
                Electronic Location Identifier: 1922
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technical Center of Light Manipulations, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optics and Photonic Devices and Shandong Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; xinxin_shang10@ 123456163.com (X.S.); linguang_guo@ 123456163.com (L.G.)
                [2 ]School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
                Author notes
                Article
                Publisher ID: nanomaterials-10-01922
                DOI: 10.3390/nano10101922
                PMC ID: 7601229
                PubMed ID: 32993059
                SO-VID: 98f23d94-fe73-4ece-a31c-ee5df814fb3c
                Copyright © © 2020 by the authors.
                License:

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 10 August 2020
                Date accepted : 24 September 2020
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                Keywords: high-damage 2d titanium disulfide materials,ultra-fast optical modulation,mode-locked and q-switched,saturable absorber
                Data availability:
                Keywords: high-damage 2d titanium disulfide materials, ultra-fast optical modulation, mode-locked and q-switched, saturable absorber

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