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      The Effect of Music on Anxiety and Cardiovascular Indices in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft: A Randomized Controlled Trial

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          Abstract

          Background:

          The instability of cardiovascular indices and anxiety disorders are common among patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) and could interfere with their recovery. Therefore, improving the cardiovascular indices and anxiety is essential.

          Objectives:

          This study aimed to investigate the effect of music therapy on anxiety and cardiovascular indices in patients undergoing CABG.

          Patients and Methods:

          In this randomized controlled trial, 60 patients hospitalized in the cardiovascular surgical intensive care unit of Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Qom city, Iran, in 2013 were selected using a consecutive sampling method and randomly allocated into the experimental and control groups. In the experimental group, patients received 30 minutes of light music, whereas in the control group, patients had 30 minutes of rest in bed. The cardiovascular indices and anxiety were measured immediately before, immediately after and half an hour after the study. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test and repeated measures analysis of variance.

          Results:

          Compared to the immediately before intervention, the mean anxiety scores immediately after and 30 minutes after the intervention were significantly lower in the experimental group (P < 0.037) while it did not significantly change in the control group. However, there were no significant differences regarding the cardiovascular indices in the three consecutive measurements (P > 0.05).

          Conclusions:

          Music therapy is effective in decreasing anxiety among patients undergoing CABG. However, the intervention was not effective on cardiovascular indices. Music can effectively be used as a non-pharmacological method to manage anxiety after CABG.

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          Most cited references27

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          The structure of musical preferences: a five-factor model.

          Peter Rentfrow, Lewis R Goldberg, Daniel Levitin (2011)
          Music is a cross-cultural universal, a ubiquitous activity found in every known human culture. Individuals demonstrate manifestly different preferences in music, and yet relatively little is known about the underlying structure of those preferences. Here, we introduce a model of musical preferences based on listeners' affective reactions to excerpts of music from a wide variety of musical genres. The findings from 3 independent studies converged to suggest that there exists a latent 5-factor structure underlying music preferences that is genre free and reflects primarily emotional/affective responses to music. We have interpreted and labeled these factors as (a) a Mellow factor comprising smooth and relaxing styles; (b) an Unpretentious factor comprising a variety of different styles of sincere and rootsy music such as is often found in country and singer-songwriter genres; (c) a Sophisticated factor that includes classical, operatic, world, and jazz; (d) an Intense factor defined by loud, forceful, and energetic music; and (e) a Contemporary factor defined largely by rhythmic and percussive music, such as is found in rap, funk, and acid jazz. The findings from a fourth study suggest that preferences for the MUSIC factors are affected by both the social and the auditory characteristics of the music. 2011 APA, all rights reserved
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            Reliability, validity and sensitivity of a computerized visual analog scale measuring state anxiety.

            Rany Abend, Orrie Dan, Keren Maoz … (2014)
            Assessment of state anxiety is frequently required in clinical and research settings, but its measurement using standard multi-item inventories entails practical challenges. Such inventories are increasingly complemented by paper-and-pencil, single-item visual analog scales measuring state anxiety (VAS-A), which allow rapid assessment of current anxiety states. Computerized versions of VAS-A offer additional advantages, including facilitated and accurate data collection and analysis, and applicability to computer-based protocols. Here, we establish the psychometric properties of a computerized VAS-A.
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              The effect of music intervention in stress response to cardiac surgery in a randomized clinical trial.

              Ulrica Nilsson (2009)
              To evaluate the effect of bed rest with music on the first postoperative day to decrease stress for patients who have undergone heart surgery. A repeated-measures randomized controlled trial was used. The study took place in a cardiothoracic intermediary unit of a university hospital in Sweden. Fifty-eight patients who had undergone open coronary artery bypass grafting or aortic valve replacement surgery were included. Stress response was assessed by determining the serum cortisol, heart rate, respiratory rate, mean arterial pressure, arterial oxygen tension, arterial oxygen saturation, and subjective pain and anxiety levels. At 12:00 noon on postoperative day 1, patients were allocated to receive 30 minutes of uninterrupted bed rest with music and then 30 minutes of bed rest or alternatively 60 minutes of uninterrupted bed rest. The music was soft and relaxing, included different melodies in new-age style, played with a volume at 50 to 60 dB, and distributed through a music pillow connected to an MP3 player. After 30 minutes of bed rest, there was a significant difference in s-cortisol levels between the groups; 484. 4 mmol/L in the music group versus 618.8 mmol/L in the control group (P < .02). However, this difference in s-cortisol levels was not found 30 minutes later (ie, after a total of 60 minutes). There was no difference in heart rate, respiratory rate, mean arterial pressure, arterial oxygen tension, arterial oxygen saturation, and subjective pain and anxiety levels between the groups. There is sufficient practical evidence of stress reduction to suggest that a proposed regimen of listening to music while resting in bed after open heart surgery be put into clinical use.
              Article 0 comments Cited 42 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Nurs Midwifery Stud
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Nurs Midwifery Stud
                Journal ID (doi): 10.17795/nmsjournal
                Journal ID (publisher-id): Kashan University of Medical Sciences
                Title: Nursing and Midwifery Studies
                Publisher: Kashan University of Medical Sciences
                ISSN (Print): 2322-1488
                ISSN (Electronic): 2322-1674
                Publication date (Electronic): 01 December 2015
                Publication date (Print): December 2015
                Volume: 4
                Issue: 4
                Electronic Location Identifier: e31157
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, IR Iran
                [2 ]Intensive Care Unit, Alzahra University Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author: Atye Babaii, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, IR Iran. Tel: +98-2538850824, Fax: +98-3135556633, E-mail: atyebabaii@ 123456yahoo.com
                Article
                DOI: 10.17795/nmsjournal31157
                PMC ID: 4733506
                PubMed ID: 26835471
                SO-VID: 9ba0c721-6c85-4949-b7a2-94bd0965e6ce
                Copyright © Copyright © 2015, Kashan University of Medical Sciences.
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits copy and redistribute the material just in noncommercial usages, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 30 June 2015
                Date revision received : 24 August 2015
                Date accepted : 29 August 2015
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article

                Keywords: music therapy,cardiovascular system,anxiety,coronary artery bypass graft
                Data availability:
                Keywords: music therapy, cardiovascular system, anxiety, coronary artery bypass graft

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