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      Coalescence Models For Hadron Formation From Quark Gluon Plasma

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          Abstract

          We review hadron formation from a deconfined quark gluon plasma (QGP) via coalescence or recombination of quarks and gluons. We discuss the abundant experimental evidence for coalescence from the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and compare the various coalescence models advocated in the literature. We comment on the underlying assumptions and remaining challenges as well as the merits of the models. We conclude with a discussion of some recent developments in the field.

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          Hadronization in heavy ion collisions: Recombination and fragmentation of partons

          R. J. Fries, S. Bass, B. Muller … (2003)
          We argue that the emission of hadrons with transverse momentum up to about 5 GeV/c in central relativistic heavy ion collisions is dominated by recombination, rather than fragmentation of partons. This mechanism provides a natural explanation for the observed constant baryon-to-meson ratio of about one and the apparent lack of a nuclear suppression of the baryon yield in this momentum range. Fragmentation becomes dominant at higher transverse momentum, but the transition point is delayed by the energy loss of fast partons in dense matter.
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            Elliptic flow at large transverse momenta from quark coalescence

            , (2003)
            We show that hadronization via quark coalescence enhances hadron elliptic flow at large pT relative to that of partons at the same transverse momentum. Therefore, compared to earlier results based on covariant parton transport theory, more moderate initial parton densities dN/d\eta(b=0) ~ 1500-3000 can explain the differential elliptic flow v_2(pT) data for Au+Au reactions at s^1/2=130 and 200 AGeV from RHIC. In addition, v2(pT) could saturate at about 50% higher values for baryons than for mesons. If strange quarks have weaker flow than light quarks, hadron v_2 at high pT decreases with relative strangeness content.
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              Scaling behavior at high p_T and the p/pi ratio

              , (2002)
              We first show that the pions produced at high \(p_T\) in heavy-ion collisions over a wide range of high energies exhibit a scaling behavior when the distributions are plotted in terms of a scaling variable. We then use the recombination model to calculate the scaling quark distribution just before hadronization. From the quark distribution it is then possible to calculate the proton distribution at high \(p_T\), also in the framework of the recombination model. The resultant \(p/\pi\) ratio exceeds one in the intermediate \(p_T\) region where data exist, but the scaling result for the proton distribution is not reliable unless \(p_T\) is high enough to be insensitive to the scale-breaking mass effects.
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                Author and article information

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                Publication date Created: 30 July 2008
                Article
                DOI: 10.1146/annurev.nucl.58.110707.171134
                ArXiV ID: 0807.4939
                SO-VID: a666d0f7-0313-4c0c-8ab9-6c3a5750d6f8
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                http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/

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                Journal reference Ann.Rev.Nucl.Part.Sci.58:177-205,2008
                Comments Review to appear in Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 58; 58 pages, 13 figures, 1 table
                Categories nucl-th

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