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      Cough hypersensitivity as a neuro-immune interaction

      review-article
      Author(s): ,
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: Clinical and Translational Allergy
      Publisher: BioMed Central
      Keywords: Cough, Hypersensitivity, Immune, Neuron, Interaction

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          Abstract

          Cough is an intrinsic protective reflex. However, chronic cough affects a considerable proportion of general population and has a major impact on quality of life. A recent paradigm shift to ‘cough hypersensitivity syndrome’ suggests that chronic cough arises from hypersensitivity of the airway sensory nerves. As cough reflex is determined by interaction of the nervous system with immune system, persistent dysregulation of one or both of these systems may lead to chronic cough hypersensitivity. Here we review the current evidence for the neuro-immune interactions that underlie cough hypersensitivity and discuss future therapeutic strategies.

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          Nociceptors are interleukin-1beta sensors.

          Alexander Binshtok, Haibin Wang, Katharina Zimmermann … (2008)
          A cardinal feature of inflammation is heightened pain sensitivity at the site of the inflamed tissue. This results from the local release by immune and injured cells of nociceptor sensitizers, including prostaglandin E(2), bradykinin, and nerve growth factor, that reduce the threshold and increase the excitability of the peripheral terminals of nociceptors so that they now respond to innocuous stimuli: the phenomenon of peripheral sensitization. We show here that the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), in addition to producing inflammation and inducing synthesis of several nociceptor sensitizers, also rapidly and directly activates nociceptors to generate action potentials and induce pain hypersensitivity. IL-1beta acts in a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAP kinase)-dependent manner, to increase the excitability of nociceptors by relieving resting slow inactivation of tetrodotoxin-resistant voltage-gated sodium channels and also enhances persistent TTX-resistant current near threshold. By acting as an IL-1beta sensor, nociceptors can directly signal the presence of ongoing tissue inflammation.
          Article 0 comments Cited 221 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Neurogenic inflammation and the peripheral nervous system in host defense and immunopathology.

            Isaac Chiu, Christian A. Von Hehn, Clifford Woolf (2012)
            The peripheral nervous and immune systems are traditionally thought of as serving separate functions. The line between them is, however, becoming increasingly blurred by new insights into neurogenic inflammation. Nociceptor neurons possess many of the same molecular recognition pathways for danger as immune cells, and, in response to danger, the peripheral nervous system directly communicates with the immune system, forming an integrated protective mechanism. The dense innervation network of sensory and autonomic fibers in peripheral tissues and high speed of neural transduction allows rapid local and systemic neurogenic modulation of immunity. Peripheral neurons also seem to contribute to immune dysfunction in autoimmune and allergic diseases. Therefore, understanding the coordinated interaction of peripheral neurons with immune cells may advance therapeutic approaches to increase host defense and suppress immunopathology.
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              The global epidemiology of chronic cough in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

              Woo-Jung Song, Yoon-Seok Chang, Shoaib Faruqi … (2015)
              Article 0 comments Cited 179 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Woo-Jung Song:
                ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4630-9922
                +82-2-2072-3241 , swj0126@gmail.com
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Clin Transl Allergy
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Clin Transl Allergy
                Title: Clinical and Translational Allergy
                Publisher: BioMed Central (London )
                ISSN (Electronic): 2045-7022
                Publication date (Electronic): 15 July 2015
                Publication date PMC-release: 15 July 2015
                Publication date Collection: 2015
                Volume: 5
                Electronic Location Identifier: 24
                Affiliations
                [ ]Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Chongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744 South Korea
                [ ]Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea
                [ ]Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do South Korea
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4630-9922
                Article
                Publisher ID: 69
                DOI: 10.1186/s13601-015-0069-4
                PMC ID: 4503292
                PubMed ID: 26180629
                SO-VID: a8bc9950-d310-4e42-bd56-91a4b5e56857
                Copyright © © Song and Chang. 2015
                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

                History
                Date received : 9 April 2015
                Date accepted : 9 June 2015
                Categories
                Subject: Review
                Custom metadata
                issue-copyright-statement © The Author(s) 2015

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Immunology
                Keywords: cough,hypersensitivity,immune,neuron,interaction
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Immunology
                Keywords: cough, hypersensitivity, immune, neuron, interaction

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