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      Development and Evaluation of Minocycline Hydrochloride-Loaded In Situ Cubic Liquid Crystal for Intra-Periodontal Pocket Administration

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          Abstract

          In the present study, an injectable in situ liquid crystal formulation was developed for local delivery of minocycline hydrochloride (MH) for chronic periodontitis treatment. The physicochemical properties, phase structures, in vitro drug release and pharmacodynamics of in situ liquid crystals were investigated. The optimal formulation (phytantriol (PT)/propylene glycol (PG)/water, 63/27/10, w/ w/ w) loaded with 20 mg/g MH was proved to be injectable. The precursor formulation can form a cubic phase gel in excess water in 6.97 ± 0.10 s. The results of in vitro drug release suggested the MH presented a sustained release for 4 days. Liquid crystal precursor formulation significantly reduced gingival index, probing depth and alveolar bone loss compared to the model group ( p < 0.01). Besides, the pathological characteristics of model rats were improved. The results suggested that MH-loaded in situ cubic liquid crystal possessed of sustained release ability and periodontal clinical symptoms improvement. The developed in situ cubic liquid crystal may be a potentially carrier in the local delivery of MH for periodontal diseases.

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          Systemic antibiotics in the treatment of periodontitis.

          Magda FERES, Luciene C Figueiredo, Geisla Soares … (2015)
          Despite the fact that several clinical studies have shown additional benefits when certain systemic antibiotics are used as adjuncts to periodontal treatment, clear guidelines for the use of these agents in the clinical practice are not yet available. Basic questions concerning the use of systemic antibiotics to treat periodontitis remain unanswered, such as: which drug(s) should be used; which patients would most benefit from treatment; which are the most effective protocols (i.e. doses and durations); and in which phase of the mechanical therapy should the drug(s) be administered? Although not all of those questions have been directly addressed by controlled randomized clinical trials, recent concepts related to the ecology of periodontal diseases, as well as the major advances in laboratory and clinical research methods that have occurred in the past decade, have significantly broadened our knowledge in this field. This article endeavored to provide a 'state of the art' overview on the use of systemic antibiotics in the treatment of periodontitis, based on the most recent literature on the topic as well as on a compilation of data from studies conducted at the Center of Clinical Trials at Guarulhos University (São Paulo, Brazil) from 2002 to 2012.
          Article 0 comments Cited 72 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Lyotropic liquid crystal systems in drug delivery.

            Chenyu Guo, Jun-Jun Wang, Fengliang Cao … (2010)
            Lyotropic liquid crystal systems, such as reversed bicontinuous cubic and hexagonal mesophases, are attracting more and more attention because of their unique microstructures and physicochemical properties. Various bioactive molecules such as chemical drugs, peptides and proteins can be solubilized in either aqueous or oil phase and be protected from hydrolysis or oxidation. Furthermore, several studies have demonstrated sustained release of bioactive molecules from reversed cubic and hexagonal mesophases. This article gives an overview of recent advances and current status of reversed cubic and hexagonal mesophases, especially with respect to their preparation methods and applications in the field of drug delivery. In addition, potential problems and possible future research directions are highlighted.
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              Lyotropic liquid crystalline phases formed from glycerate surfactants as sustained release drug delivery systems.

              S. H. Khoo, Christopher Davey, B Boyd … (2006)
              A new class of surfactants with glycerate headgroups, that form viscous lyotropic liquid crystalline phases in excess water, have been investigated for their potential to provide sustained release matrices for depot drug delivery. Oleyl glycerate and phytanyl glycerate were used as representative surfactants of this new class, and their behaviour compared with that of glyceryl monooleate (GMO). The surfactants were found to form reverse hexagonal phase (H(II)) in excess water, and the matrices were loaded with a series of model hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs, (paclitaxel, irinotecan, glucose, histidine and octreotide), and the release kinetics determined. In all cases, the release behaviour obeyed Higuchi kinetics, with linear drug release versus square root of time. The H(II) phases released model drugs slower than the GMO cubic phase matrix. The oleyl glycerate matrix was found to consistently release drug faster than the phytanyl glycerate matrix, despite both matrices being based on H(II) phase. To further demonstrate the potential utility of these materials as drug depot delivery systems, an injectable precursor formulation for octreotide was also prepared and demonstrated to provide controlled release for the peptide. The stability of the H(II) phase to likely in vivo breakdown products was also assessed.
              Article 0 comments Cited 60 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Molecules
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Molecules
                Journal ID (publisher-id): molecules
                Title: Molecules : A Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Electronic): 1420-3049
                Publication date (Electronic): 06 September 2018
                Publication date Collection: September 2018
                Volume: 23
                Issue: 9
                Electronic Location Identifier: 2275
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; zhuimengyzz@ 123456126.com (Z.Y.); xinl0626@ 123456hotmail.com (X.L.); 18355180342@ 123456163.com (X.J.); guoj0719@ 123456126.com (J.G.); telen1124@ 123456yeah.net (Y.T.); sinmay_w@ 123456163.com (S.W.); xiazi2006@ 123456126.com (Y.C.)
                [2 ]Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: guishy0520@ 123456ahtcm.edu.cn ; Tel.: +86-0551-6812-9122
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2697-5610
                Article
                Publisher ID: molecules-23-02275
                DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092275
                PMC ID: 6225298
                PubMed ID: 30200615
                SO-VID: b2209c31-546c-4e70-bcd7-2db8e0404d2f
                Copyright © © 2018 by the authors.
                License:

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 09 August 2018
                Date accepted : 05 September 2018
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                Keywords: minocycline hydrochloride,in situ cubic liquid crystal,chronic periodontitis,sustained-release formulation,local delivery system
                Data availability:
                Keywords: minocycline hydrochloride, in situ cubic liquid crystal, chronic periodontitis, sustained-release formulation, local delivery system

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