Impact of EGFR mutation and ALK rearrangement on the outcomes of non–small cell lung cancer patients with brain metastasis

Abstract

Background

The impact of activating alterations in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (epidermal growth factor receptor [ EGFR] mutation/anaplastic lymphoma kinase [ ALK] translocation) in prognosticating patients with brain metastasis (BM) is not well defined. This study was sought to identify this impact in NSCLC patients with BM accounting for the known validated variables.

Methods

Among 1078 NSCLC-BM patients diagnosed/treated between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2015, three hundred and forty-eight with known EGFR/ ALK status were analyzed. Overall survival (OS) and intracranial progression-free survival (PFS) were measured from the time of BM.

Results

Ninety-one patients had either ALK ( n = 23) alterations or EGFR ( n = 68) mutation and 257 were wild type (WT; negative actionable mutations/alterations). Median age of EGFR/ ALK+ NSCLC BM patients was 60 years (range 29.8–82.6 y) and ~50% ( n = 44) had Karnofsky performance status (KPS) score >80. Median number of BM was 2 (1 to ≥99). The median OS for the ALK/ EGFR+ NSCLC BM was 19.9 versus 10.1 months for the WT ( P = 0.028). The number of BM in the EGFR/ ALK+ group did not impact OS (BM = 1 with 21.1 months vs 2–3 with 19.1 months and >3 with 23.7 months, P = 0.74), whereas fewer BM in the WT cohort had significantly better OS (BM = 1 with 13.8 mo, 2–3 with 11.0 mo and >3 with 8.1 mo; P = 0.006) with the adjustment of age, KPS, symptoms from BM and synchronicity.

Conclusions

Number of BM does not impact outcomes in the EGFR/ ALK+ NSCLC patients, implying that targeted therapy along with surgery and/or radiation may improve OS irrespective of the number of BM. Number of BM, extracranial metastasis (ECM), and KPS independently affected OS/PFS in WT NSCLC BM, which was consistent with the known literature.