Effects of Fucoidan Powder Combined with Mineral Trioxide Aggregate as a Direct Pulp-Capping Material

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Abstract

The development of direct pulp-capping materials with favorable biological and structural properties is an important goal in restorative dentistry. Fucoidan is a sulfated, fucose-containing polysaccharide obtained from brown seaweed, with a wide range of applications; however, its use as a direct pulp-capping material has not been examined. This study aimed to evaluate the mechanical, physical, and biological effects of fucoidan combined with conventional mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) for direct pulp capping. The capping materials were created using Portland cement (80 wt%) and zirconium oxide (20 wt%) as base components, compared with base components plus 5 wt% fucoidan (PZF5) and base components plus 10 wt% fucoidan (PZF10). The initial and final setting time, compressive strength, chemical components, cell viability, adhesion, migration, osteogenesis, and gene expression were analyzed. Fucoidan significantly reduced the initial and final setting time, regardless of quantity. However, the compressive strength was lower for PZF5. Sulfur levels increased with fucoidan. The biological activity improved, especially in the PZF5 group. Cell migration, Alizarin Red S staining, and alkaline phosphatase activity were upregulated in the PZF5 group. Fucoidan is a useful regenerative additive for conventional pulp-capping materials because it reduces the setting time and improves cell migration and osteogenic ability.

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Fucoidan: Structure and Bioactivity

Bo Li, Fei Lu, Xinjun Wei … (2008)

Fucoidan refers to a type of polysaccharide which contains substantial percentages of l-fucose and sulfate ester groups, mainly derived from brown seaweed. For the past decade fucoidan has been extensively studied due to its numerous interesting biological activities. Recently the search for new drugs has raised interest in fucoidans. In the past few years, several fucoidans’ structures have been solved, and many aspects of their biological activity have been elucidated. This review summarizes the research progress on the structure and bioactivity of fucoidan and the relationships between structure and bioactivity.

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Characterization of hydration products of mineral trioxide aggregate.

Josette Camilleri (2008)

To characterize the hydration products of white mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). Mineral trioxide aggregate, white Portland cement and bismuth oxide were evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and Rietveld XRD. The cements were tested un-hydrated and after hydration and curing for 30 days at 37 degrees C. Analysis of hydrated cement leachate was performed weekly for five consecutive weeks from mixing using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy after which the cements were viewed under the scanning electron microscope to evaluate the cement microstructure. Quantitative energy dispersive analysis with X-ray was performed and atomic ratios were plotted. Both Portland cement and MTA produced calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) and calcium hydroxide (CH) on hydration. The tricalcium aluminate levels were low for MTA which resulted in reduced production of ettringite and monosulphate. On hydration the bismuth level in the hydrated MTA decreased; bismuth oxide replaced the silica in the C-S-H and was leached out once the C-S-H decomposed with time. Both MTA and Portland cement released a high amount of calcium ions which decreased in amount over the 5-week period. The hydration mechanism of MTA is different to that of Portland cement. In MTA the bismuth oxide is bound to the C-S-H and is leached out from the cement with time as the C-S-H decomposes. MTA produces a high proportion of calcium ions from CH a by-product of hydration and also by decomposition of C-S-H. The release of calcium ions reduces with time.

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Chemical modification of proroot mta to improve handling characteristics and decrease setting time.

Benjamin S Ber, John F Hatton, Gregory P Stewart (2007)

Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) fulfills many of the ideal properties of a root-end filling material. However, the composition of this material often makes MTA difficult to use, a direct result of its granular consistency, slow setting time, and initial looseness. Additives used by the Portland cement (PC) industry to increase PC's plasticity and decrease its setting time were added first to PC and then to gray MTA in an attempt to improve MTA's handling characteristics, with the combination providing the best handling characteristics tested for its effect on compressive strength (for changes in the original material's properties) and decrease in setting time. An admix of 1% methylcellulose and 2% calcium chloride resulted in a mix of chemically modified MTA that, when compared with unmodified MTA, (1) handled similarly to a reinforced zinc oxide-eugenol cement, (2) gave an approximately equal compressive strength, and (3) set one third faster (57 +/- 3 minutes).