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      Narcissism and self-esteem: A nomological network analysis

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          Abstract

          Similarity between narcissism and self-esteem seems intuitive, as both capture positive perceptions of the self. In the current undertaking, we provide a broad comparison of the nomological networks of grandiose narcissism and explicit self-esteem. Pooling data from 11 existing samples (N = 4711), we compared the relations of narcissism and self-esteem to developmental experiences, individual differences, interpersonal functioning, and psychopathology. Both constructs are positively related to agentic traits and assertive interpersonal approaches, but differ in relation to agreeableness/communion. Self-esteem emerged as a wholly adaptive construct negatively associated with internalizing psychopathology and generally unrelated to externalizing behaviors. Unlike self-esteem, narcissism was related to callousness, grandiosity, entitlement, and demeaning attitudes towards others that likely partially explain narcissism’s links to maladaptive outcomes.

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          Most cited references85

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          The Dark Triad of personality: Narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy

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            Implicit measures in social cognition. research: their meaning and use.

            Behavioral scientists have long sought measures of important psychological constructs that avoid response biases and other problems associated with direct reports. Recently, a large number of such indirect, or "implicit," measures have emerged. We review research that has utilized these measures across several domains, including attitudes, self-esteem, and stereotypes, and discuss their predictive validity, their interrelations, and the mechanisms presumably underlying their operation. Special attention is devoted to various priming measures and the Implicit Association Test, largely due to their prevalence in the literature. We also attempt to clarify several unresolved theoretical and empirical issues concerning implicit measures, including the nature of the underlying constructs they purport to measure, the conditions under which they are most likely to relate to explicit measures, the kinds of behavior each measure is likely to predict, their sensitivity to context, and the construct's potential for change.
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              Patterns of competence and adjustment among adolescents from authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent, and neglectful families.

              In order to test Maccoby and Martin's revision of Baumrind's conceptual framework, the families of approximately 4,100 14-18-year-olds were classified into 1 of 4 groups (authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent, or neglectful) on the basis of the adolescents' ratings of their parents on 2 dimensions: acceptance/involvement and strictness/supervision. The youngsters were then contrasted along 4 sets of outcomes: psychosocial development, school achievement, internalized distress, and problem behavior. Results indicate that adolescents who characterize their parents as authoritative score highest on measures of psychosocial competence and lowest on measures of psychological and behavioral dysfunction; the reverse is true for adolescents who describe their parents as neglectful. Adolescents whose parents are characterized as authoritarian score reasonably well on measures indexing obedience and conformity to the standards of adults but have relatively poorer self-conceptions than other youngsters. In contrast, adolescents from indulgent homes evidence a strong sense of self-confidence but report a higher frequency of substance abuse and school misconduct and are less engaged in school. The results provide support for Maccoby and Martin's framework and indicate the need to distinguish between two types of "permissive" families: those that are indulgent and those that are neglectful.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: Writing – original draft
                Role: Data curationRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Data curationRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – original draft
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: ResourcesRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Editor
                Journal
                PLoS One
                PLoS ONE
                plos
                plosone
                PLoS ONE
                Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                1932-6203
                1 August 2018
                2018
                : 13
                : 8
                : e0201088
                Affiliations
                [1 ] University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
                [2 ] Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Veterans Affairs South Central Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
                [3 ] Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
                [4 ] University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
                [5 ] Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
                Universitat Wien, AUSTRIA
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8245-959X
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7448-9679
                Article
                PONE-D-18-04491
                10.1371/journal.pone.0201088
                6070240
                30067800
                ed390147-4a2a-4b36-9595-1faef1615c47

                This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication.

                History
                : 20 February 2018
                : 9 July 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 11, Pages: 31
                Funding
                The authors received no specific funding for this work.
                Categories
                Research Article
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Behavior
                Aggression
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Mental Health and Psychiatry
                Personality Disorders
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Psychology
                Personality
                Social Sciences
                Psychology
                Personality
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Mental Health and Psychiatry
                Mood Disorders
                Depression
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Mental Health and Psychiatry
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Neuroscience
                Cognitive Science
                Cognitive Psychology
                Social Cognition
                Sense of Agency
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Psychology
                Cognitive Psychology
                Social Cognition
                Sense of Agency
                Social Sciences
                Psychology
                Cognitive Psychology
                Social Cognition
                Sense of Agency
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Psychology
                Social Psychology
                Social Cognition
                Sense of Agency
                Social Sciences
                Psychology
                Social Psychology
                Social Cognition
                Sense of Agency
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Psychology
                Emotions
                Social Sciences
                Psychology
                Emotions
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Psychology
                Personality
                Personality Traits
                Social Sciences
                Psychology
                Personality
                Personality Traits
                Custom metadata
                The study data cannot be made publicly available. The IRB-approved consent forms used for all participants in this study did not include a provision that allows us to make the data public. These restrictions are imposed by the Institutional Review Board of the University of Georgia. This body can be reached by email at irb@ 123456uga.edu , or by phone at 706-542-3199. Nonetheless, the data will be available to qualified researchers who request it. These requests can either be sent to cshyatt@ 123456uga.edu , or to the Institutional Review Board, which can be reached at irb@ 123456uga.edu .

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