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      Reward-guided learning beyond dopamine in the nucleus accumbens: the integrative functions of cortico-basal ganglia networks

      , ,
      European Journal of Neuroscience
      Wiley

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          Abstract

          Here we challenge the view that reward-guided learning is solely controlled by the mesoaccumbens pathway arising from dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area and projecting to the nucleus accumbens. This widely accepted view assumes that reward is a monolithic concept, but recent work has suggested otherwise. It now appears that, in reward-guided learning, the functions of ventral and dorsal striata, and the cortico-basal ganglia circuitry associated with them, can be dissociated. Whereas the nucleus accumbens is necessary for the acquisition and expression of certain appetitive Pavlovian responses and contributes to the motivational control of instrumental performance, the dorsal striatum is necessary for the acquisition and expression of instrumental actions. Such findings suggest the existence of multiple independent yet interacting functional systems that are implemented in iterating and hierarchically organized cortico-basal ganglia networks engaged in appetitive behaviors ranging from Pavlovian approach responses to goal-directed instrumental actions controlled by action-outcome contingencies.

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          Most cited references153

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          Parallel organization of functionally segregated circuits linking basal ganglia and cortex.

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            An integrative theory of prefrontal cortex function.

            The prefrontal cortex has long been suspected to play an important role in cognitive control, in the ability to orchestrate thought and action in accordance with internal goals. Its neural basis, however, has remained a mystery. Here, we propose that cognitive control stems from the active maintenance of patterns of activity in the prefrontal cortex that represent goals and the means to achieve them. They provide bias signals to other brain structures whose net effect is to guide the flow of activity along neural pathways that establish the proper mappings between inputs, internal states, and outputs needed to perform a given task. We review neurophysiological, neurobiological, neuroimaging, and computational studies that support this theory and discuss its implications as well as further issues to be addressed
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              A Neural Substrate of Prediction and Reward

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                EJN
                European Journal of Neuroscience
                Wiley
                0953816X
                14609568
                October 2008
                October 2008
                : 28
                : 8
                : 1437-1448
                Article
                10.1111/j.1460-9568.2008.06422.x
                2756656
                18793321
                ed6b5187-5314-43b5-aa1a-08185f837d73
                © 2008

                http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1

                History

                Biochemistry,Animal science & Zoology
                Biochemistry, Animal science & Zoology

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