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      Pathogenesis and prospects for therapeutic clinical application of noncoding RNAs in glaucoma: Systematic perspectives

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          Abstract

          Noncoding ribonucleic acids (ncRNAs) are an increasingly studied class of RNA molecules with extensive biological activities, including important roles in human development, health, and disease. Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease of the retina, and one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide. However, the specific roles of ncRNAs in the development and progression of glaucoma are unclear, and related reports are fragmented. An in‐depth understanding of ncRNAs participating in the pathogenesis and progression of glaucoma would be helpful for opening up new avenues to facilitate the early diagnosis and clinical treatment. Therefore, in this review, we aimed to discuss the current research progress, the potentialfuture clinical applications and the research limitations of three critical classes of ncRNAs in glaucoma, namely microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and circular RNAs.

          Abstract

          We conducted a comprehensive and systematic summary of the existing works in noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) and glaucoma, and an extensive discussion on the research directions and treatment prospects of ncRNAs in glaucoma.

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          The biogenesis, biology and characterization of circular RNAs

          Lasse S. Kristensen, Maria Andersen, Lotte V. W. Stagsted … (2019)
          Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are covalently closed, endogenous biomolecules in eukaryotes with tissue-specific and cell-specific expression patterns, whose biogenesis is regulated by specific cis-acting elements and trans-acting factors. Some circRNAs are abundant and evolutionarily conserved, and many circRNAs exert important biological functions by acting as microRNA or protein inhibitors ('sponges'), by regulating protein function or by being translated themselves. Furthermore, circRNAs have been implicated in diseases such as diabetes mellitus, neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Although the circular nature of these transcripts makes their detection, quantification and functional characterization challenging, recent advances in high-throughput RNA sequencing and circRNA-specific computational tools have driven the development of state-of-the-art approaches for their identification, and novel approaches to functional characterization are emerging.
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            Global prevalence of glaucoma and projections of glaucoma burden through 2040: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

            Yih-Chung Tham, Xiang Li, Tien Wong … (2014)
            Glaucoma is the leading cause of global irreversible blindness. Present estimates of global glaucoma prevalence are not up-to-date and focused mainly on European ancestry populations. We systematically examined the global prevalence of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG), and projected the number of affected people in 2020 and 2040. Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data from 50 population-based studies (3770 POAG cases among 140,496 examined individuals and 786 PACG cases among 112 398 examined individuals). We searched PubMed, Medline, and Web of Science for population-based studies of glaucoma prevalence published up to March 25, 2013. Hierarchical Bayesian approach was used to estimate the pooled glaucoma prevalence of the population aged 40-80 years along with 95% credible intervals (CrIs). Projections of glaucoma were estimated based on the United Nations World Population Prospects. Bayesian meta-regression models were performed to assess the association between the prevalence of POAG and the relevant factors. Prevalence and projection numbers of glaucoma cases. The global prevalence of glaucoma for population aged 40-80 years is 3.54% (95% CrI, 2.09-5.82). The prevalence of POAG is highest in Africa (4.20%; 95% CrI, 2.08-7.35), and the prevalence of PACG is highest in Asia (1.09%; 95% CrI, 0.43-2.32). In 2013, the number of people (aged 40-80 years) with glaucoma worldwide was estimated to be 64.3 million, increasing to 76.0 million in 2020 and 111.8 million in 2040. In the Bayesian meta-regression model, men were more likely to have POAG than women (odds ratio [OR], 1.36; 95% CrI, 1.23-1.52), and after adjusting for age, gender, habitation type, response rate, and year of study, people of African ancestry were more likely to have POAG than people of European ancestry (OR, 2.80; 95% CrI, 1.83-4.06), and people living in urban areas were more likely to have POAG than those in rural areas (OR, 1.58; 95% CrI, 1.19-2.04). The number of people with glaucoma worldwide will increase to 111.8 million in 2040, disproportionally affecting people residing in Asia and Africa. These estimates are important in guiding the designs of glaucoma screening, treatment, and related public health strategies. Copyright © 2014 American Academy of Ophthalmology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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              MicroRNA therapeutics: towards a new era for the management of cancer and other diseases

              Rajesha Rupaimoole, Frank J Slack (2017)
              MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that can modulate mRNA expression. Insights into the roles of miRNAs in development and disease have led to the development of new therapeutic approaches that are based on miRNA mimics or agents that inhibit their functions (antimiRs), and the first such approaches have entered the clinic. This Review discusses the role of different miRNAs in cancer and other diseases, and provides an overview of current miRNA therapeutics in the clinic.
              Article 0 comments Cited 1369 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Xiaobo Xia: xbxia21@163.com
                Dan Ji:
                ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5901-3672
                475393400@qq.com
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Cell Physiol
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Cell Physiol
                Journal ID (doi): 10.1002/(ISSN)1097-4652
                Journal ID (publisher-id): JCP
                Title: Journal of Cellular Physiology
                Publisher: John Wiley and Sons Inc. (Hoboken )
                ISSN (Print): 0021-9541
                ISSN (Electronic): 1097-4652
                Publication date (Electronic): 26 February 2021
                Publication date (Print): October 2021
                Volume: 236
                Issue: 10 ( doiID: 10.1002/jcp.v236.10 )
                Pages: 7097-7116
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ] Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha Hunan China
                [ 2 ] Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Changsha Hunan China
                Author notes
                [*] [* ] Correspondence Dan Ji and Xiaobo Xia, Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008 Hunan, China.

                Email: 475393400@ 123456qq.com and xbxia21@ 123456163.com

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6705-6696
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6969-9775
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5901-3672
                Article
                Publisher ID: JCP30347
                DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30347
                PMC ID: 8451868
                PubMed ID: 33634475
                SO-VID: eea57659-9637-4c05-84f8-536b018ced2b
                Copyright © © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Cellular Physiology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC
                License:

                This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

                History
                Date revision received : 24 January 2021
                Date received : 11 November 2020
                Date accepted : 16 February 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 4, Tables: 2, Pages: 20, Words: 16316
                Funding
                Funded by: National Natural Science Foundation of China , doi 10.13039/501100001809;
                Award ID: 81670858
                Award ID: 81974134
                Award ID: 81400442
                Categories
                Subject: Review Article
                Subject: Review Articles
                Custom metadata
                source-schema-version-number 2.0
                cover-date October 2021
                details-of-publishers-convertor Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_JATSPMC version:6.0.7 mode:remove_FC converted:20.09.2021

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Anatomy & Physiology
                Keywords: circular rnas,glaucoma,long noncoding rnas,micrornas
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Anatomy & Physiology
                Keywords: circular rnas, glaucoma, long noncoding rnas, micrornas

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