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      Therapeutic Mechanism of Saikosaponin-d in Anti-Thy1 mAb 1-22-3-Induced Rat Model of Glomerulonephritis

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          Abstract

          Aims: Mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis is a common kidney disease and at present, there is no effective treatment. Our previous studies have demonstrated that Sairei-to can significantly prevent progression of experimental glomerulonephritis in rats. Although we have reported that the active component of Sairei-to in treatment of glomerulonephritis was Saikosaponin-d (Ssd), mechanism of Ssd in prevention of mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis progression is still unknown. Therefore, current study examines the effects of Ssd on progression of mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis induced by anti-Thy1 monoclonal antibody 1-22-3 (mAb 1-22-3) in uninephrectomized rats. Methods: Eighteen female Wistar rats first received uninephrectomy and mAb 1-22-3 injection and were then divided into 3 groups: treated daily with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), 0.6 or 1.8 mg/kg of Ssd. Urinary protein concentration and systolic blood pressure were evaluated and the kidneys were collected and subjected to histological and immunohistological evaluation. The mRNA and protein of the kidneys were extracted and subjected to reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis, respectively. Results: Ssd reduced the amount of urinary protein and systolic blood pressure. Ssd administration also decreased extracellular matrix expansion, crescentic formation as well as infiltration of macrophages and CD8+ T lymphocytes. Moreover, Ssd significantly reduced expression of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) and type I collagen in the kidneys. Conclusion: Ssd inhibits the progression of mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis through reduction of the expression of TGF-β1 and the infiltration of macrophages and CD8+ T lymphocytes.

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          Transforming growth factor beta in tissue fibrosis.

          W Border, N Noble (1994)
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            Mesangial immune injury, hypertension, and progressive glomerular damage in Dahl rats.

            Leopoldo Raij, Silvia H. Azar, William Keane (1984)
            Hypertension frequently accompanies chronic glomerulonephritis. Mesangial injury and glomerulosclerosis are common in glomerulonephritis and are often harbingers of progressive glomerular destruction. Thus, in a model of mesangial immune injury we studied the relationship between hypertension, mesangial injury, and glomerulosclerosis. We induced mesangial ferritin-antiferritin immune complex disease (FIC) in Dahl salt-sensitive (S) and salt-resistant (R) rats. S and R rats with FIC were fed chow containing 0.3% NaCl until 14 weeks of age and then switched to 8.0% NaCl chow until 28 weeks of age. Groups of control S and R rats (no FIC) were either fed 0.3% NaCl for 28 weeks or switched to 8.0% NaCl chow at 14 weeks of age. Blood pressure, serum creatinine, urinary protein, and glomerular injury (assessed by semiquantitative morphometric analysis) were determined at 14 and 28 weeks of age. R rats with or without FIC did not develop hypertension; mesangial injury was minimal. At 14 weeks of age, only S FIC rats developed hypertension, proteinuria, significant mesangial expansion and early glomerulosclerosis. At 28 weeks of age, proteinuria, mesangial expansion, and glomerulosclerosis were significantly more severe in hypertensive S rats with FIC than in those without FIC. These studies show that despite a normal salt intake, mesangial injury hastened the onset of hypertension, but only in rats genetically predisposed to hypertension (S FIC at 14 weeks). High dietary salt further aggravated hypertension, which, in turn, magnified both mesangial injury and glomerulosclerosis. Clinically, the different rates of progression of human glomerulonephritis associated with hypertension may be in part dependent on similar mechanisms.
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              Effect of castration and sex hormone treatment on survival, anti- nucleic acid antibodies, and glomerulonephritis in NZB/NZW F1 mice

              JR Goodman, JS Greenspan, PK Siiteri … (1978)
              NZB/NZW F1 mice of both sexes were castrated at 2 wk of age and implanted subcutaneously with silastic tubes containing either 5-alpha- dihydrotestosterone or estradiol-17-beta. Mice receiving androgen showed improved survival, reduced anti-nucleic acid antibodies, or less evidence of glomerulonephritis as determined by light, immunofluorescent, and electron microscopy. By contrast, opposite effects were observed in castrated mice receiving estrogen. Intact male NZB/NZW F1 mice received androgen implants at 8 mo, an age when they develop an accelerated autoimmune disease associated with a decline in serum testosterone concentration. Such treated mice had improved survival and reduced concentrations of antibodies to DNA and to polyadenylic acid (Poly A). Prepubertal castration of male NZB/NZW F1 mice results in an earlier appearance of IgG antibodies to Poly A. This effect of castration was prevented if neonatal thymectomy was also performed.
              Article 0 comments Cited 54 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (publisher-id): NEE
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Nephron Exp Nephrol
                Journal ID (doi): 10.1159/issn.1660-2129
                Title: Cardiorenal Medicine
                Publisher: S. Karger AG
                ISSN (Electronic): 1660-2129
                Publication date Subscription-year: 2005
                Publication date (Print): December 2005
                Publication date (Electronic): 12 August 2005
                Volume: 101
                Issue: 4
                Pages: e111-e118
                Affiliations
                aDepartment of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; bFaculty of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; cDepartment of Cell Biology, Institute of Nephrology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
                Article
                Publisher ID: 87437 Other ID: Nephron Exp Nephrol 2005;101:e111–e118
                DOI: 10.1159/000087437
                PubMed ID: 16103731
                SO-VID: f5c52dfb-e5a2-4ce7-8258-737c2ded41e6
                Copyright © © 2005 S. Karger AG, Basel
                License:

                Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

                History
                Date received : 18 August 2004
                Date accepted : 14 April 2005
                Page count
                Figures: 5, References: 39, Pages: 1
                Categories
                Subject: Original Paper

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Cardiovascular Medicine,Nephrology
                Keywords: Anti-Thy1 monoclonal antibody,Glomerulonephritis,Saikosaponin-d,Mesangioproliferation
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Cardiovascular Medicine, Nephrology
                Keywords: Anti-Thy1 monoclonal antibody, Glomerulonephritis, Saikosaponin-d, Mesangioproliferation

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