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      Characterization of Beak and Feather Disease Virus Genomes from Wild Musk Lorikeets ( Glossopsitta concinna)

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          Abstract

          Three complete genomes of beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) were recovered from wild musk lorikeets ( Glossopsitta concinna). The genomes consisted of 2,008 to 2,010 nucleotides (nt) and encode two major proteins transcribing in opposing directions. This is the first report of BFDV complete genome sequences obtained from this host species.

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          Macroevolutionary patterns in the diversification of parrots: effects of climate change, geological events and key innovations

          Manuel Schweizer, Ole Seehausen, Stefan Hertwig (2011)
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            The pathology of psittacine beak and feather disease.

            Mark R. Perry, Daniel A. Pass (1984)
            Psittacine beak and feather disease is characterised by loss of feathers, abnormally shaped feathers and overgrowth and irregularity of the surface of the beak. The disease occurs in a number of psittacine species including the Sulphur-crested Cockatoo, Lovebirds , Budgerigars and Galahs . The abnormal appearance of feathers and beak is due to a dystrophic process within the epidermis of the feather and beak. The process consists of epidermal cell necrosis, epidermal hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis. Many of the feather abnormalities are due to retention of a hyperkeratotic feather sheath. A characteristic microscopic finding is the presence of macrophages containing purple intracytoplasmic inclusions in affected epidermis and feather pulp. The inclusions consist of aggregates of particles 17 to 22 nm in diameter. Similar but smaller inclusions occur in epidermal cells. In addition, non-suppurative inflammation occurs in the feather pulp. The findings are suggestive of a viral infection.
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              Evidence of psittacine beak and feather disease virus spillover into wild critically endangered Orange-bellied Parrots (Neophema chrysogaster).

              Andrew Peters, Mark Holdsworth, Seyed Ghorashi … (2014)
              We report the recent emergence of a novel beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) genotype in the last remaining wild population of the critically endangered Orange-bellied Parrot (Neophema chrysogaster). This virus poses a significant threat to the recovery of the species and potentially its survival in the wild. We used PCR to detect BFDV in the blood of three psittacine beak and feather disease (PBFD)-affected wild Orange-bellied Parrot fledglings captured as founders for an existing captive breeding recovery program. Complete BFDV genome sequence data from one of these birds demonstrating a 1,993-nucleotide-long read encompass the entire circular genome. Maximum-likelihood (ML) and neighbor-joining (NJ) phylogenetic analysis supported the solitary position of this viral isolate in a genetically isolated branch of BFDV. On Rep gene sequencing, a homologous genotype was present in a second wild orange-bellied parrot and the third bird was infected with a distantly related genotype. These viruses have newly appeared in a population that has been intensively monitored for BFDV for the last 13 yr. The detection of two distinct lineages of BFDV in the remnant wild population of Orange-bellied Parrots, consisting of fewer than 50 birds, suggests a role for other parrot species as a reservoir for infection by spillover into this critically endangered species. The potential for such a scenario to contribute to the extinction of a remnant wild animal population is supported by epidemiologic theory.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Genome Announc
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Genome Announc
                Journal ID (hwp): ga
                Journal ID (pmc): ga
                Journal ID (publisher-id): GA
                Title: Genome Announcements
                Publisher: American Society for Microbiology (1752 N St., N.W., Washington, DC )
                ISSN (Electronic): 2169-8287
                Publication date (Electronic): 6 October 2016
                Publication date Collection: Sep-Oct 2016
                Volume: 4
                Issue: 5
                Electronic Location Identifier: e01107-16
                Affiliations
                [a ]School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
                [b ]Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
                [c ]Healesville Sanctuary, Healesville, Victoria, Australia
                [d ]School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
                Author notes
                Address correspondence to Shubhagata Das, sdas@ 123456csu.edu.au .
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0795-2752
                Article
                Publisher ID: genomeA01107-16
                DOI: 10.1128/genomeA.01107-16
                PMC ID: 5054335
                SO-VID: 1aa29604-7349-4e00-844c-714269499f3f
                Copyright © Copyright © 2016 Das et al.
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.

                History
                Date received : 16 August 2016
                Date accepted : 18 August 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 13, Pages: 2, Words: 1188
                Categories
                Subject: Viruses
                Custom metadata
                cover-date September/October 2016

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Genetics
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Genetics

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