For Publishers
DiscoveryMetadataPeer reviewHostingPublishing
For Researchers
JoinPublishReviewCollect
Register
Blog
About
Search
Advanced search
My ScienceOpen
Search
For Publishers
For Researchers
Blog
About
Inviting an author to review:
Effectiveness of community-based treatment for substance-abusing adolescents: 12-month outcomes of youths entering phoenix academy or alternative probation dispositions.
Find an author and click ‘Invite to review selected article’ near their name.
Search for authorsSearch for similar articles
43
views
30
references
 Top references
cited by
13
    
0 reviews
 Review
0
comments
 Comment
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      236
      similar
       All similar
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Transcriptome differences in the hypopharyngeal gland between Western Honeybees ( Apis mellifera) and Eastern Honeybees ( Apis cerana)

      research-article

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisherPMC
      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Background

          Apis mellifera and Apis cerana are two sibling species of Apidae. Apis cerana is adept at collecting sporadic nectar in mountain and forest region and exhibits stiffer hardiness and acarid resistance as a result of natural selection, whereas Apis mellifera has the advantage of producing royal jelly. To identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that affect the development of hypopharyngeal gland (HG) and/or the secretion of royal jelly between these two honeybee species, we performed a digital gene expression (DGE) analysis of the HGs of these two species at three developmental stages (newly emerged worker, nurse and forager).

          Results

          Twelve DGE-tag libraries were constructed and sequenced using the total RNA extracted from the HGs of newly emerged workers, nurses, and foragers of Apis mellifera and Apis cerana. Finally, a total of 1482 genes in Apis mellifera and 1313 in Apis cerana were found to exhibit an expression difference among the three developmental stages. A total of 1417 DEGs were identified between these two species. Of these, 623, 1072, and 462 genes showed an expression difference at the newly emerged worker, nurse, and forager stages, respectively. The nurse stage exhibited the highest number of DEGs between these two species and most of these were found to be up-regulated in Apis mellifera. These results suggest that the higher yield of royal jelly in Apis mellifera may be due to the higher expression level of these DEGs.

          Conclusions

          In this study, we investigated the DEGs between the HGs of two sibling honeybee species ( Apis mellifera and Apis cerana). Our results indicated that the gene expression difference was associated with the difference in the royal jelly yield between these two species. These results provide an important clue for clarifying the mechanisms underlying hypopharyngeal gland development and the production of royal jelly.

          Electronic supplementary material

          The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-744) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

          Related collections

          Most cited references30

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Royalactin induces queen differentiation in honeybees.

          Masaki Kamakura (2011)
          The honeybee (Apis mellifera) forms two female castes: the queen and the worker. This dimorphism depends not on genetic differences, but on ingestion of royal jelly, although the mechanism through which royal jelly regulates caste differentiation has long remained unknown. Here I show that a 57-kDa protein in royal jelly, previously designated as royalactin, induces the differentiation of honeybee larvae into queens. Royalactin increased body size and ovary development and shortened developmental time in honeybees. Surprisingly, it also showed similar effects in the fruitfly (Drosophila melanogaster). Mechanistic studies revealed that royalactin activated p70 S6 kinase, which was responsible for the increase of body size, increased the activity of mitogen-activated protein kinase, which was involved in the decreased developmental time, and increased the titre of juvenile hormone, an essential hormone for ovary development. Knockdown of epidermal growth factor receptor (Egfr) expression in the fat body of honeybees and fruitflies resulted in a defect of all phenotypes induced by royalactin, showing that Egfr mediates these actions. These findings indicate that a specific factor in royal jelly, royalactin, drives queen development through an Egfr-mediated signalling pathway.
          Article 0 comments Cited 200 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Evolution of the Yellow/Major Royal Jelly Protein family and the emergence of social behavior in honey bees.

            Štefan Albert, Carsten Prusko, Ryszard Maleszka … (2006)
            The genomic architecture underlying the evolution of insect social behavior is largely a mystery. Eusociality, defined by overlapping generations, parental brood care, and reproductive division of labor, has most commonly evolved in the Hymenopteran insects, including the honey bee Apis mellifera. In this species, the Major Royal Jelly Protein (MRJP) family is required for all major aspects of eusocial behavior. Here, using data obtained from the A. mellifera genome sequencing project, we demonstrate that the MRJP family is encoded by nine genes arranged in an approximately 60-kb tandem array. Furthermore, the MRJP protein family appears to have evolved from a single progenitor gene that encodes a member of the ancient Yellow protein family. Five genes encoding Yellow-family proteins flank the genomic region containing the genes encoding MRJPs. We describe the molecular evolution of these protein families. We then characterize developmental-stage-specific, sex-specific, and caste-specific expression patterns of the mrjp and yellow genes in the honey bee. We review empirical evidence concerning the functions of Yellow proteins in fruit flies and social ants, in order to shed light on the roles of both Yellow and MRJP proteins in A. mellifera. In total, the available evidence suggests that Yellows and MRJPs are multifunctional proteins with diverse, context-dependent physiological and developmental roles. However, many members of the Yellow/MRJP family act as facilitators of reproductive maturation. Finally, it appears that MRJP protein subfamily evolution from the Yellow protein family may have coincided with the evolution of honey bee eusociality.
            Article 0 comments Cited 80 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Expression of amylase and glucose oxidase in the hypopharyngeal gland with an age-dependent role change of the worker honeybee (Apis mellifera L.).

              S Natori, K Ohashi, Tomohiro Kubo (1999)
              Worker honeybees change their behaviour from the role of nurse to that of forager with age. We have isolated cDNA clones for two honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) genes, encoding alpha-amylase and glucose oxidase homologues, that are expressed in the hypopharyngeal gland of forager bees. The predicted amino acid sequence of the putative Apis amylase showed 60.5% identity with Drosophila melanogaster alpha-amylase, whereas that of Apis glucose oxidase showed 23.8% identity with Aspergillus niger glucose oxidase. To determine whether the isolated cDNAs actually encode these enzymes, we purified amylase and glucose oxidase from homogenized forager-bee hypopharyngeal glands. We sequenced the N-terminal regions of the purified enzymes and found that they matched the corresponding cDNAs. mRNAs for both enzymes were detected by Northern blotting in the hypopharyngeal gland of the forager bee but not in the nurse-bee gland. These results clearly indicate that expression of the genes for these carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes, which are needed to process nectar into honey, in the hypopharyngeal gland is associated with the age-dependent role change of the worker.
              Article 0 comments Cited 55 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
                Bookmark
                All references

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Hao Liu: LiuHXZ@126.com
                Zi-Long Wang: wzlcqbb@126.com
                Liu-Qing Tian: 525938345@qq.com
                Qiu-Hong Qin: 357834961@qq.com
                Xiao-Bo Wu: wuxiaobo21@163.com
                Wei-Yu Yan: ywygood-0216@163.com
                Zhi-Jiang Zeng: bees1965@sina.com
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): BMC Genomics
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): BMC Genomics
                Title: BMC Genomics
                Publisher: BioMed Central (London )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1471-2164
                Publication date (Electronic): 30 August 2014
                Publication date PMC-release: 30 August 2014
                Publication date Collection: 2014
                Volume: 15
                Issue: 1
                Electronic Location Identifier: 744
                Affiliations
                Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045 China
                Article
                Publisher ID: 6417
                DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-744
                PMC ID: 4158095
                PubMed ID: 25174638
                SO-VID: 304d3dfe-9992-4283-833b-df1cacca3ba6
                Copyright © © Liu et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014
                License:

                This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

                History
                Date received : 14 April 2014
                Date accepted : 26 August 2014
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article
                Custom metadata
                issue-copyright-statement © The Author(s) 2014

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Genetics
                Keywords: apis mellifera,apis cerana,hypopharyngeal gland,digital gene expression,differentially expressed gene
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Genetics
                Keywords: apis mellifera, apis cerana, hypopharyngeal gland, digital gene expression, differentially expressed gene

                Comments

                Comment on this article

                scite_

                Similar content236

                See all similar

                Cited by12

                See all cited by

                Most referenced authors681

                See all reference authors