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Severe chronic bronchitis in advanced emphysema increases mortality and hospitalizations.
Victor Kim
1 ,
Alice L Sternberg ,
George Washko ,
Barry J Make ,
Meilan K Han ,
Fernando Martinez ,
Gerard J Criner
Dec 2013
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Abstract
Chronic bronchitis in COPD has been associated with an increased exacerbation rate, more hospitalizations, and an accelerated decline in lung function. The clinical characteristics of patients with advanced emphysema and chronic bronchitis have not been well described.