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      Complete Genome Sequence of Loktanella vestfoldensis Strain SMR4r, a Novel Strain Isolated from a Culture of the Chain-Forming Diatom Skeletonema marinoi

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          ABSTRACT

          We report here the genome sequence of Loktanella vestfoldensis strain SMR4r, isolated from the marine diatom Skeletonema marinoi strain RO5AC. Its 3,987,360-bp genome consists of a circular chromosome and two circular plasmids, one of which appears to be shared with an S. marinoi-associated Roseovarius species.

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          Biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine in bacteria.

          Christian Sohlenkamp, Isabel López-Lara, Otto Geiger (2003)
          Phosphatidylcholine (PC) is the major membrane-forming phospholipid in eukaryotes and can be synthesized by either of two pathways, the methylation pathway or the CDP-choline pathway. Many prokaryotes lack PC, but it can be found in significant amounts in membranes of rather diverse bacteria and based on genomic data, we estimate that more than 10% of all bacteria possess PC. Enzymatic methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine via the methylation pathway was thought to be the only biosynthetic pathway to yield PC in bacteria. However, a choline-dependent pathway for PC biosynthesis has been discovered in Sinorhizobium meliloti. In this pathway, PC synthase, condenses choline directly with CDP-diacylglyceride to form PC in one step. A number of symbiotic (Rhizobium leguminosarum, Mesorhizobium loti) and pathogenic (Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Brucella melitensis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Borrelia burgdorferi and Legionella pneumophila) bacteria seem to possess the PC synthase pathway and we suggest that the respective eukaryotic host functions as the provider of choline for this pathway. Pathogens entering their hosts through epithelia (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae) require phosphocholine substitutions on their cell surface components that are biosynthetically also derived from choline supplied by the host. However, the incorporation of choline in these latter cases proceeds via choline phosphate and CDP-choline as intermediates. The occurrence of two intermediates in prokaryotes usually found as intermediates in the eukaryotic CDP-choline pathway for PC biosynthesis raises the question whether some bacteria might form PC via a CDP-choline pathway.
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            Bacterial Catabolism of Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP)

            Chris R. Reisch, Mary Ann Moran, William Whitman (2011)
            Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) is a metabolite produced primarily by marine phytoplankton and is the main precursor to the climatically important gas dimethylsulfide (DMS). DMS is released upon bacterial catabolism of DMSP, but it is not the only possible fate of DMSP sulfur. An alternative demethylation/demethiolation pathway results in the eventual release of methanethiol, a highly reactive volatile sulfur compound that contributes little to the atmospheric sulfur flux. The activity of these pathways control the natural flux of sulfur released to the atmosphere. Although these biochemical pathways and the factors that regulate them are of great interest, they are poorly understood. Only recently have some of the genes and pathways responsible for DMSP catabolism been elucidated. Thus far, six different enzymes have been identified that catalyze the cleavage of DMSP, resulting in the release of DMS. In addition, five of these enzymes appear to produce acrylate, while one produces 3-hydroxypropionate. In contrast, only one enzyme, designated DmdA, has been identified that catalyzes the demethylation reaction producing methylmercaptopropionate (MMPA). The metabolism of MMPA is performed by a series of three coenzyme-A mediated reactions catalyzed by DmdB, DmdC, and DmdD. Interestingly, Candidatus Pelagibacter ubique, a member of the SAR11 clade of Alphaproteobacteria that is highly abundant in marine surface waters, possessed functional DmdA, DmdB, and DmdC enzymes. Microbially mediated transformations of both DMS and methanethiol are also possible, although many of the biochemical and molecular genetic details are still unknown. This review will focus on the recent discoveries in the biochemical pathways that mineralize and assimilate DMSP carbon and sulfur, as well as the areas for which a comprehensive understanding is still lacking.
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              Genome Sequence of Roseovarius mucosus Strain SMR3, Isolated from a Culture of the Diatom Skeletonema marinoi

              Mats Töpel, Matthew I. M. Pinder, Oskar Johansson … (2017)
              ABSTRACT We present the genome of Roseovarius mucosus strain SMR3, a marine bacterium isolated from the diatom Skeletonema marinoi strain RO5AC sampled from top layer sediments at 14 m depth. Its 4,381,426 bp genome consists of a circular chromosome and two circular plasmids and contains 4,178 coding sequences (CDSs).
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Genome Announc
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Genome Announc
                Journal ID (hwp): ga
                Journal ID (pmc): ga
                Journal ID (publisher-id): GA
                Title: Genome Announcements
                Publisher: American Society for Microbiology (1752 N St., N.W., Washington, DC )
                ISSN (Electronic): 2169-8287
                Publication date (Electronic): 22 March 2018
                Publication date Collection: March 2018
                Volume: 6
                Issue: 12
                Electronic Location Identifier: e01558-17
                Affiliations
                [a ]Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
                [b ]Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Gothenburg, Sweden
                [c ]Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
                Author notes
                Address correspondence to Mats Töpel, mats.topel@ 123456marine.gu.se .

                M.T. and M.I.M.P. contributed equally to this work.

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7989-696X
                Article
                Publisher ID: genomeA01558-17
                DOI: 10.1128/genomeA.01558-17
                PMC ID: 5864940
                PubMed ID: 29567748
                SO-VID: 30b7710d-a8f9-4520-b038-f1b9b269ae5c
                Copyright © Copyright © 2018 Töpel et al.
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.

                History
                Date received : 13 December 2017
                Date accepted : 23 February 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 9, Pages: 2, Words: 1086
                Funding
                Funded by: Vetenskapsrådet (VR), https://doi.org/10.13039/501100004359;
                Award ID: 2015-04286
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas (Swedish Research Council Formas), https://doi.org/10.13039/501100001862;
                Award ID: 217-2012-692
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (GORDON E. & BETTY I. MOORE FOUNDATION), https://doi.org/10.13039/100000936;
                Award ID: 4967
                Award Recipient : Award Recipient : Award Recipient :
                Categories
                Subject: Prokaryotes
                Custom metadata
                cover-date March 2018

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Genetics
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Genetics

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