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      Anatomy and transcript profiling of gynoecium development in female sterile Brassica napus mediated by one alien chromosome from Orychophragmus violaceus

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          Abstract

          Background

          The gynoecium is one of the most complex organs of angiosperms specialized for seed production and dispersal, but only several genes important for ovule or embryo sac development were identified by using female sterile mutants. The female sterility in oilseed rape ( Brassica napus) was before found to be related with one alien chromosome from another crucifer Orychophragmus violaceus. Herein, the developmental anatomy and comparative transcript profiling (RNA-seq) for the female sterility were performed to reveal the genes and possible metabolic pathways behind the formation of the damaged gynoecium.

          Results

          The ovules in the female sterile Brassica napus with two copies of the alien chromosomes (S1) initiated only one short integument primordium which underwent no further development and the female gametophyte development was blocked after the tetrad stage but before megagametogenesis initiation. Using Brassica_ 95k_ unigene as the reference genome, a total of 28,065 and 27,653 unigenes were identified to be transcribed in S1 and donor B. napus (H3), respectively. Further comparison of the transcript abundance between S1 and H3 revealed that 4540 unigenes showed more than two fold expression differences. Gene ontology and pathway enrichment analysis of the Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) showed that a number of important genes and metabolism pathways were involved in the development of gynoecium, embryo sac, ovule, integuments as well as the interactions between pollen and pistil.

          Conclusions

          DEGs for the ovule development were detected to function in the metabolism pathways regulating brassinosteroid (BR) biosynthesis, adaxial/abaxial axis specification, auxin transport and signaling. A model was proposed to show the possible roles and interactions of these pathways for the sterile gynoecium development. The results provided new information for the molecular mechanisms behind the gynoecium development at early stage in B. napus.

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          TAA1-mediated auxin biosynthesis is essential for hormone crosstalk and plant development.

          Anna N Stepanova, Joyce Robertson-Hoyt, Jeonga Yun … (2008)
          Plants have evolved a tremendous ability to respond to environmental changes by adapting their growth and development. The interaction between hormonal and developmental signals is a critical mechanism in the generation of this enormous plasticity. A good example is the response to the hormone ethylene that depends on tissue type, developmental stage, and environmental conditions. By characterizing the Arabidopsis wei8 mutant, we have found that a small family of genes mediates tissue-specific responses to ethylene. Biochemical studies revealed that WEI8 encodes a long-anticipated tryptophan aminotransferase, TAA1, in the essential, yet genetically uncharacterized, indole-3-pyruvic acid (IPA) branch of the auxin biosynthetic pathway. Analysis of TAA1 and its paralogues revealed a link between local auxin production, tissue-specific ethylene effects, and organ development. Thus, the IPA route of auxin production is key to generating robust auxin gradients in response to environmental and developmental cues.
          Article 0 comments Cited 332 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Lateral relocation of auxin efflux regulator PIN3 mediates tropism in Arabidopsis.

            Jiri Friml, Justyna Wisniewska, Eva Benková … (2002)
            Long-standing models propose that plant growth responses to light or gravity are mediated by asymmetric distribution of the phytohormone auxin. Physiological studies implicated a specific transport system that relocates auxin laterally, thereby effecting differential growth; however, neither the molecular components of this system nor the cellular mechanism of auxin redistribution on light or gravity perception have been identified. Here, we show that auxin accumulates asymmetrically during differential growth in an efflux-dependent manner. Mutations in the Arabidopsis gene PIN3, a regulator of auxin efflux, alter differential growth. PIN3 is expressed in gravity-sensing tissues, with PIN3 protein accumulating predominantly at the lateral cell surface. PIN3 localizes to the plasma membrane and to vesicles that cycle in an actin-dependent manner. In the root columella, PIN3 is positioned symmetrically at the plasma membrane but rapidly relocalizes laterally on gravity stimulation. Our data indicate that PIN3 is a component of the lateral auxin transport system regulating tropic growth. In addition, actin-dependent relocalization of PIN3 in response to gravity provides a mechanism for redirecting auxin flux to trigger asymmetric growth.
            Article 0 comments Cited 314 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Genetic and molecular identification of genes required for female gametophyte development and function in Arabidopsis.

              Gabriela Pagnussat, S Rajani, Candace Johnson … (2005)
              The plant life cycle involves an alternation of generations between sporophyte and gametophyte. Currently, the genes and pathways involved in gametophytic development and function in flowering plants remain largely unknown. A large-scale mutant screen of Ds transposon insertion lines was employed to identify 130 mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana with defects in female gametophyte development and function. A wide variety of mutant phenotypes were observed, ranging from defects in different stages of early embryo sac development to mutants with apparently normal embryo sacs, but exhibiting defects in processes such as pollen tube guidance, fertilization or early embryo development. Unexpectedly, nearly half of the mutants isolated in this study were found to be primarily defective in post-fertilization processes dependent on the maternal allele, suggesting that genes expressed from the female gametophyte or the maternal genome play a major role in the early development of plant embryos. Sequence identification of the genes disrupted in the mutants revealed genes involved in protein degradation, cell death, signal transduction and transcriptional regulation required for embryo sac development, fertilization and early embryogenesis. These results provide a first comprehensive overview of the genes and gene products involved in female gametophyte development and function within a flowering plant.
              Article 0 comments Cited 165 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): BMC Genomics
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): BMC Genomics
                Title: BMC Genomics
                Publisher: BioMed Central
                ISSN (Electronic): 1471-2164
                Publication date Collection: 2014
                Publication date (Electronic): 23 January 2014
                Volume: 15
                Page: 61
                Affiliations
                [1 ]National Key Lab of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Crop Molecular Breeding Technology, National Center of Oil Crop Improvement (Wuhan), College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
                [2 ]Key Lab of Qinghai Province for Plateau Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810016 Qinghai Province, P. R. China
                Article
                Publisher ID: 1471-2164-15-61
                DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-61
                PMC ID: 3930543
                PubMed ID: 24456102
                SO-VID: 403d07e4-c1f9-432b-aef9-c912f0a0dacc
                Copyright © Copyright © 2014 Fu et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 8 August 2013
                Date accepted : 21 January 2014
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Genetics
                Keywords: transcriptome,ovule,female sterility,gynoecium,brassica napus
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Genetics
                Keywords: transcriptome, ovule, female sterility, gynoecium, brassica napus

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