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      Bubble-Assisted Three-Dimensional Ensemble of Nanomotors for Improved Catalytic Performance

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          Summary

          Combining catalysts with active colloidal matter could keep catalysts from aggregating, a major problem in chemical reactions. We report a kind of ensemble of bubble-cross-linked magnetic colloidal swarming nanomotors (B-MCS) with enhanced catalytic activity because of the local increase of the nanocatalyst concentration and three-dimensional (3D) fluid convection. Compared with the two-dimensional swarming collective without bubbles, the integral rotation was boosted because of the dynamic dewetting and increased slip length caused by the continuously ejected tiny bubbles. The bubbles cross-link the nanocatalysts and form stack along the vertical axis, generating the 3D network-like B-MCS ensemble with high dynamic stability and low drag resistance. The generated B-MCS ensemble exhibits controllable locomotion performance when applying a rotating magnetic field. Benefiting from locally increased catalyst concentration, good mobility, and 3D fluidic convection, the B-MCS ensemble offers a promising approach to heterogeneous catalysis.

          Graphical Abstract

          Highlights

          • •

            Bubbles convert the conventional 2D swarming behavior into 3D

          • •

            Bubbles improve the collective motion velocity of nanomotors

          • •

            Assembly and disassembly of the 3D bubbles-cross-linked nanoagents are realized

          • •

            We verified the magnetic gathering of nanocatalysts enhanced the catalytic activity

          Abstract

          Catalysis; Chemistry; Materials Science; Nanomaterials

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          Most cited references58

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          Biomimetic super-lyophobic and super-lyophilic materials applied for oil/water separation: a new strategy beyond nature.

          BEN WANG, Weixin Liang, Zhiguang Guo … (2015)
          Oil spills and industrial organic pollutants have induced severe water pollution and threatened every species in the ecological system. To deal with oily water, special wettability stimulated materials have been developed over the past decade to separate oil-and-water mixtures. Basically, synergy between the surface chemical composition and surface topography are commonly known as the key factors to realize the opposite wettability to oils and water and dominate the selective wetting or absorption of oils/water. In this review, we mainly focus on the development of materials with either super-lyophobicity or super-lyophilicity properties in oil/water separation applications where they can be classified into four kinds as follows (in terms of the surface wettability of water and oils): (i) superhydrophobic and superoleophilic materials, (ii) superhydrophilic and under water superoleophobic materials, (iii) superhydrophilic and superoleophobic materials, and (iv) smart oil/water separation materials with switchable wettability. These materials have already been applied to the separation of oil-and-water mixtures: from simple oil/water layered mixtures to oil/water emulsions (including oil-in-water emulsions and water-in-oil emulsions), and from non-intelligent materials to intelligent materials. Moreover, they also exhibit high absorption capacity or separation efficiency and selectivity, simple and fast separation/absorption ability, excellent recyclability, economical efficiency and outstanding durability under harsh conditions. Then, related theories are proposed to understand the physical mechanisms that occur during the oil/water separation process. Finally, some challenges and promising breakthroughs in this field are also discussed. It is expected that special wettability stimulated oil/water separation materials can achieve industrial scale production and be put into use for oil spills and industrial oily wastewater treatment in the near future.
          Article 0 comments Cited 340 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Catalysis and photocatalysis by metal organic frameworks

            Amarajothi Dhakshinamoorthy, Zhaohui Li, Hermenegildo Garcia (2018)
            This review aims to provide different strategies employed to use MOFs as solid catalysts and photocatalysts in organic transformations. Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of porous crystalline materials that feature a series of unique properties, such as large surface area and porosity, high content of transition metals, and possibility to be designed and modified after synthesis, that make these solids especially suitable as heterogeneous catalysts. The active sites can be coordinatively unsaturated metal ions, substituents at the organic linkers or guest species located inside the pores. The defects on the structure also create these open sites. The present review summarizes the current state of the art in the use of MOFs as solid catalysts according to the type of site, making special emphasis on the more recent strategies to increase the population of these active sites and tuning their activity, either by adapting the synthesis conditions or by post-synthetic modification. This review highlights those reports illustrating the synergy derived from the presence of more than one of these types of sites, leading to activation of a substrate by more than one site or to the simultaneous activation of different substrates by complementary sites. This synergy is frequently the main reason for the higher catalytic activity of MOFs compared to homogeneous catalysts or other alternative solid materials. Besides dark reactions, this review also summarizes the use of MOFs as photocatalysts emphasizing the uniqueness of these materials regarding adaptation of the linkers as light absorbers and metal exchange at the nodes to enhance photoinduced electron transfer, in comparison with conventional inorganic photocatalysts. This versatility and flexibility that is offered by MOFs to optimize their visible light photocatalytic activity explains the current interest in exploiting these materials for novel photocatalytic reactions, including hydrogen evolution and photocatalytic CO 2 reduction.
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              Catalysis by metal nanoparticles embedded on metal-organic frameworks.

              Amarajothi Dhakshinamoorthy, Hermenegildo Garcia (2012)
              The present review describes the use of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as porous matrices to embed metal nanoparticles (MNPs) and occasionally metal oxide clusters, which are subsequently used as heterogeneous catalysts. The review is organized according to the embedded metal including Pd, Au, Ru, Cu, Pt, Ni and Ag. Emphasis is also given in the various methodologies reported for the formation of the NPs and the characterization techniques. The reactions described with this type of solid catalysts include condensation, hydrogenations, carbon-carbon coupling, alcohol oxidations and methanol synthesis among others. Remaining issues in this field have also been indicated.
              Article 0 comments Cited 256 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Li Zhang
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): iScience
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): iScience
                Title: iScience
                Publisher: Elsevier
                ISSN (Electronic): 2589-0042
                Publication date PMC-release: 21 August 2019
                Publication date Collection: 27 September 2019
                Publication date (Electronic): 21 August 2019
                Volume: 19
                Pages: 760-771
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
                [2 ]Chow Yuk Ho Technology Centre for Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
                [3 ]T Stone Robotics Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
                Author notes
                [∗ ]Corresponding author lizhang@ 123456mae.cuhk.edu.hk
                [4]

                Lead Contact

                Article
                Publisher ID: S2589-0042(19)30304-9
                DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.08.026
                PMC ID: 6734180
                PubMed ID: 31499337
                SO-VID: 7833c5cd-0df6-4f4d-8285-5ac743a754c9
                Copyright © © 2019 The Author(s)
                License:

                This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 20 June 2019
                Date revision received : 3 August 2019
                Date accepted : 16 August 2019
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                Keywords: catalysis,chemistry,materials science,nanomaterials
                Data availability:
                Keywords: catalysis, chemistry, materials science, nanomaterials

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