The association of statin use and biochemical recurrence after curative treatment for prostate cancer :  A systematic review and meta-analysis

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Abstract

Objectives

: To investigate the association between statin use and biochemical recurrence (BCR) in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP) or radiotherapy (RT) as a curative treatment, a systematic review and meta-analysis was performed.

Methods

: We conducted a literature search of online databases for studies assessing BCR associated with statin use in patients with prostate cancer undergoing RP or RT. We performed a pooled analysis of BCR-free survival with subgroup analysis of treatment, cancer risk, and medication.

Results

: We identified 27 studies and found that statin use was associated with a potential tendency to improve BCR-free survival in patients undergoing curative treatment ( P = .05). In addition, we revealed that statin use after curative treatment did not improve BCR-free survival ( P = .33), whereas statin use could improve BCR-free survival in high-risk patients ( P < .01).

Conclusions

: Statin use is associated with a potential tendency to improve BCR-free survival in prostate cancer and could reduce BCR in high-risk patients.

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Most cited references 46

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Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries

Hyuna Sung, Jacques Ferlay, Rebecca Siegel … (2021)

This article provides an update on the global cancer burden using the GLOBOCAN 2020 estimates of cancer incidence and mortality produced by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Worldwide, an estimated 19.3 million new cancer cases (18.1 million excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) and almost 10.0 million cancer deaths (9.9 million excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) occurred in 2020. Female breast cancer has surpassed lung cancer as the most commonly diagnosed cancer, with an estimated 2.3 million new cases (11.7%), followed by lung (11.4%), colorectal (10.0 %), prostate (7.3%), and stomach (5.6%) cancers. Lung cancer remained the leading cause of cancer death, with an estimated 1.8 million deaths (18%), followed by colorectal (9.4%), liver (8.3%), stomach (7.7%), and female breast (6.9%) cancers. Overall incidence was from 2-fold to 3-fold higher in transitioned versus transitioning countries for both sexes, whereas mortality varied <2-fold for men and little for women. Death rates for female breast and cervical cancers, however, were considerably higher in transitioning versus transitioned countries (15.0 vs 12.8 per 100,000 and 12.4 vs 5.2 per 100,000, respectively). The global cancer burden is expected to be 28.4 million cases in 2040, a 47% rise from 2020, with a larger increase in transitioning (64% to 95%) versus transitioned (32% to 56%) countries due to demographic changes, although this may be further exacerbated by increasing risk factors associated with globalization and a growing economy. Efforts to build a sustainable infrastructure for the dissemination of cancer prevention measures and provision of cancer care in transitioning countries is critical for global cancer control.

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The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate healthcare interventions: explanation and elaboration

Alessandro Liberati, Douglas G. Altman, Jennifer Tetzlaff … (2010)

Systematic reviews and meta-analyses are essential to summarise evidence relating to efficacy and safety of healthcare interventions accurately and reliably. The clarity and transparency of these reports, however, are not optimal. Poor reporting of systematic reviews diminishes their value to clinicians, policy makers, and other users. Since the development of the QUOROM (quality of reporting of meta-analysis) statement—a reporting guideline published in 1999—there have been several conceptual, methodological, and practical advances regarding the conduct and reporting of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Also, reviews of published systematic reviews have found that key information about these studies is often poorly reported. Realising these issues, an international group that included experienced authors and methodologists developed PRISMA (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses) as an evolution of the original QUOROM guideline for systematic reviews and meta-analyses of evaluations of health care interventions. The PRISMA statement consists of a 27-item checklist and a four-phase flow diagram. The checklist includes items deemed essential for transparent reporting of a systematic review. In this explanation and elaboration document, we explain the meaning and rationale for each checklist item. For each item, we include an example of good reporting and, where possible, references to relevant empirical studies and methodological literature. The PRISMA statement, this document, and the associated website (www.prisma-statement.org/) should be helpful resources to improve reporting of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

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Practical methods for incorporating summary time-to-event data into meta-analysis

Jayne F. Tierney, Lesley Stewart, Davina Ghersi … (2007)

Background In systematic reviews and meta-analyses, time-to-event outcomes are most appropriately analysed using hazard ratios (HRs). In the absence of individual patient data (IPD), methods are available to obtain HRs and/or associated statistics by carefully manipulating published or other summary data. Awareness and adoption of these methods is somewhat limited, perhaps because they are published in the statistical literature using statistical notation. Methods This paper aims to 'translate' the methods for estimating a HR and associated statistics from published time-to-event-analyses into less statistical and more practical guidance and provide a corresponding, easy-to-use calculations spreadsheet, to facilitate the computational aspects. Results A wider audience should be able to understand published time-to-event data in individual trial reports and use it more appropriately in meta-analysis. When faced with particular circumstances, readers can refer to the relevant sections of the paper. The spreadsheet can be used to assist them in carrying out the calculations. Conclusion The methods cannot circumvent the potential biases associated with relying on published data for systematic reviews and meta-analysis. However, this practical guide should improve the quality of the analysis and subsequent interpretation of systematic reviews and meta-analyses that include time-to-event outcomes.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Medicine (Baltimore)

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Medicine (Baltimore)

Journal ID (publisher-id): MEDI

Title: Medicine

Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins (Hagerstown, MD )

ISSN (Print): 0025-7974

ISSN (Electronic): 1536-5964

Publication date Collection: 07 January 2022

Publication date (Electronic): 07 January 2022

Volume: 101

Issue: 1

Electronic Location Identifier: e28513

Affiliations

[a ]Department of Urology, Jiaozhou People's Hospital, Jiaozhou, Shangdong, China

[b ]Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

Author notes

[∗ ]Correspondence: Qingfeng Hu, Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12 Central Urumchi Road, 200040 Shanghai, PR China (e-mail: fdhqf@ 123456sina.com ).

Article

Publisher ID: MD-D-21-03852 Accession ID: 28513

DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000028513

PMC ID: 8735759

PubMed ID: 35029911

SO-VID: 7f6947c3-73f2-4a60-9acf-6e20124fcdae

License:

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License 4.0 (CCBY-NC), where it is permissible to download, share, remix, transform, and buildup the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be used commercially without permission from the journal. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

History

Date received : 29 May 2021

Date revision received : 2 December 2021

Date accepted : 17 December 2021

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Keywords: biochemical recurrence,meta-analysis,prostate cancer,radical prostatectomy,radiotherapy,statin

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Keywords: biochemical recurrence, meta-analysis, prostate cancer, radical prostatectomy, radiotherapy, statin

The association of statin use and biochemical recurrence after curative treatment for prostate cancer : A systematic review and meta-analysis

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Most cited references 46

Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries

The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate healthcare interventions: explanation and elaboration

Practical methods for incorporating summary time-to-event data into meta-analysis

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