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      Anellovirus Dynamics Are Associated With Primary Graft Dysfunction in Lung Transplantation

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          Background.

          Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) is the leading cause of early death in lung transplant. Anelloviruses are small circular DNA viruses that have been noted to be present at elevated levels in immunosuppressed patients. They have been associated with both short- and long-term outcomes in lung transplant, and we hypothesized that anellovirus dynamics might be associated with the development of PGD.

          Methods.

          We analyzed alphatorquevirus (ie, an anellovirus genus) levels in whole blood samples from 64 adult lung transplant recipients.

          Results.

          Patients with a relatively rapid rise in alphatorquevirus levels in the week following transplant were less likely to develop higher-grade PGD over the first 3 days following transplant ( P = 0.031).

          Conclusions.

          This study is the first to establish an association between the development of PGD and a component of the blood virome. While it is not known whether anelloviruses directly affect outcomes in lung transplant, they may serve as a biomarker of immune status in lung transplant recipients.

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          Report of the ISHLT Working Group on Primary Lung Graft Dysfunction part II: definition. A consensus statement of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation.

          Jason Christie, Paul Corris, Martin Carby … (2005)
          Article 0 comments Cited 122 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Viral metagenomics reveal blooms of anelloviruses in the respiratory tract of lung transplant recipients.

            J C Young, C Chehoud, K Bittinger … (2015)
            Few studies have examined the lung virome in health and disease. Outcomes of lung transplantation are known to be influenced by several recognized respiratory viruses, but global understanding of the virome of the transplanted lung is incomplete. To define the DNA virome within the respiratory tract following lung transplantation we carried out metagenomic analysis of allograft bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and compared with healthy and HIV+ subjects. Viral concentrates were purified from BAL and analyzed by shotgun DNA sequencing. All of the BAL samples contained reads mapping to anelloviruses, with high proportions in lung transplant samples. Anellovirus populations in transplant recipients were complex, with multiple concurrent variants. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction quantification revealed that anellovirus sequences were 56-fold more abundant in BAL from lung transplant recipients compared with healthy controls or HIV+ subjects (p < 0.0001). Anellovirus sequences were also more abundant in upper respiratory tract specimens from lung transplant recipients than controls (p = 0.006). Comparison to metagenomic data on bacterial populations showed that high anellovirus loads correlated with dysbiotic bacterial communities in allograft BAL (p = 0.008). Thus the respiratory tracts of lung transplant recipients contain high levels and complex populations of anelloviruses, warranting studies of anellovirus lung infection and transplant outcome.
            Article 0 comments Cited 98 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              TT virus in the nasal secretions of children with acute respiratory diseases: relations to viremia and disease severity.

              Silvano Presciuttini, Elisabetta Andreoli, Santino Marchi … (2003)
              The natural history and pathogenic potential of the recently identified TT virus (TTV) are currently a matter of intensive investigation. In an attempt to shed some light on these issues, nasal and blood specimens of 1- to 24-month-old children hospitalized with a clinical diagnosis of acute respiratory disease (ARD) were examined for the presence, load, and genetic characteristics of TTV. The results have indicated that at least in young children, the respiratory tract not only represents a route by which abundant TTV can be shed into the environment but also may be a site of primary infection and continual replication. Although we found no compelling evidence that TTV was the direct cause of ARD in some of the children studied, the average loads of TTV were considerably higher in patients with bronchopneumonia (BP) than in those with milder ARD, raising interesting questions about the pathophysiological significance of TTV at this site. Furthermore, group 4 TTV was detected almost exclusively in children with BP.
              Article 0 comments Cited 74 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Transplant Direct
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Transplant Direct
                Journal ID (publisher-id): TXD
                Title: Transplantation Direct
                Publisher: Wolters Kluwer Health
                ISSN (Electronic): 2373-8731
                Publication date Collection: February 2020
                Publication date (Electronic): 13 January 2020
                Volume: 6
                Issue: 2
                Electronic Location Identifier: e521
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.
                [2 ] Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.
                [3 ] Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.
                [4 ] Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO.
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Joshua A. Blatter, MD, MPH, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave, Campus Box 8116, St Louis, MO 63110. ( blatter@ 123456wustl.edu ).
                Article
                Accession ID: 00001
                DOI: 10.1097/TXD.0000000000000969
                PMC ID: 7004632
                PubMed ID: 32095507
                SO-VID: 8037b0b7-5cb1-4fd4-860d-b8b405d53269
                Copyright © Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). Transplantation Direct. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal.

                History
                Date received : 25 September 2019
                Date revision received : 21 November 2019
                Date accepted : 23 November 2019
                Categories
                Subject: Lung Transplantation
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                OPEN-ACCESS TRUE

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