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      Reassessing the mechanics of parasite motility and host-cell invasion

      review-article
      Author(s): 1 , , 2 ,
      Publication date (Print):
      Journal: The Journal of Cell Biology
      Publisher: The Rockefeller University Press

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          Abstract

          The capacity to migrate is fundamental to multicellular and single-celled life. Apicomplexan parasites, an ancient protozoan clade that includes malaria parasites ( Plasmodium) and Toxoplasma, achieve remarkable speeds of directional cell movement. This rapidity is achieved via a divergent actomyosin motor system, housed within a narrow compartment that lies underneath the length of the parasite plasma membrane. How this motor functions at a mechanistic level during motility and host cell invasion is a matter of debate. Here, we integrate old and new insights toward refining the current model for the function of this motor with the aim of revitalizing interest in the mechanics of how these deadly pathogens move.

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          ADVANCED IMAGING. Extended-resolution structured illumination imaging of endocytic and cytoskeletal dynamics.

          Jian-Dong Li, Ye-Lin Shao, Bi-Chang Chen … (2015)
          Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy is distinct among nanoscale imaging tools in its ability to image protein dynamics in living cells. Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) stands out in this regard because of its high speed and low illumination intensities, but typically offers only a twofold resolution gain. We extended the resolution of live-cell SIM through two approaches: ultrahigh numerical aperture SIM at 84-nanometer lateral resolution for more than 100 multicolor frames, and nonlinear SIM with patterned activation at 45- to 62-nanometer resolution for approximately 20 to 40 frames. We applied these approaches to image dynamics near the plasma membrane of spatially resolved assemblies of clathrin and caveolin, Rab5a in early endosomes, and α-actinin, often in relationship to cortical actin. In addition, we examined mitochondria, actin, and the Golgi apparatus dynamics in three dimensions.
          Article 0 comments Cited 249 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Visualizing the molecular sociology at the HeLa cell nuclear periphery.

            Julia Mahamid, Stefan Pfeffer, Miroslava Schaffer … (2016)
            The molecular organization of eukaryotic nuclear volumes remains largely unexplored. Here we combined recent developments in cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) to produce three-dimensional snapshots of the HeLa cell nuclear periphery. Subtomogram averaging and classification of ribosomes revealed the native structure and organization of the cytoplasmic translation machinery. Analysis of a large dynamic structure-the nuclear pore complex-revealed variations detectable at the level of individual complexes. Cryo-ET was used to visualize previously elusive structures, such as nucleosome chains and the filaments of the nuclear lamina, in situ. Elucidation of the lamina structure provides insight into its contribution to metazoan nuclear stiffness.
            Article 0 comments Cited 215 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Quantitative imaging of Plasmodium transmission from mosquito to mammal.

              Rogerio Amino, Sabine Thiberge, Beatrice Martin … (2006)
              Plasmodium, the parasite that causes malaria, is transmitted by a mosquito into the dermis and must reach the liver before infecting erythrocytes and causing disease. We present here a quantitative, real-time analysis of the fate of parasites transmitted in a rodent system. We show that only a proportion of the parasites enter blood capillaries, whereas others are drained by lymphatics. Lymph sporozoites stop at the proximal lymph node, where most are degraded inside dendritic leucocytes, but some can partially differentiate into exoerythrocytic stages. This previously unrecognized step of the parasite life cycle could influence the immune response of the host, and may have implications for vaccination strategies against the preerythrocytic stages of the parasite.
              Article 0 comments Cited 181 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Cell Biol
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J. Cell Biol
                Journal ID (publisher-id): jcb
                Journal ID (hwp): jcb
                Title: The Journal of Cell Biology
                Publisher: The Rockefeller University Press
                ISSN (Print): 0021-9525
                ISSN (Electronic): 1540-8140
                Publication date (Print): 29 August 2016
                Volume: 214
                Issue: 5
                Pages: 507-515
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Institute of Advanced BioSciences, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1209, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
                [2 ]Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, England, UK
                Author notes
                Correspondence to Isabelle Tardieux: isabelle.tardieux@ 123456inserm.fr ; or Jake Baum: jake.baum@ 123456imperial.ac.uk
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5677-7463
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0275-352X
                Article
                Publisher ID: 201605100
                DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201605100
                PMC ID: 5004448
                PubMed ID: 27573462
                SO-VID: d28fe854-10b9-4e69-b2d8-30cdd838a1be
                Copyright © © 2016 Tardieux and Baum
                License:

                This article is distributed under the terms of an Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike–No Mirror Sites license for the first six months after the publication date (see http://www.rupress.org/terms). After six months it is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike 3.0 Unported license, as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/).

                History
                Date received : 26 May 2016
                Date accepted : 09 August 2016
                Funding
                Funded by: Wellcome Trust http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100004440
                Award ID: 100993/Z/13/Z
                Funded by: Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002915
                Award ID: FRM-DEQ20100318279
                Funded by: Fondation Innovations en Infectiologie http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100008656
                Categories
                Subject: Reviews
                Subject: Review
                Subject: 42
                Subject: 1
                Subject: 30

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Cell biology
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Cell biology

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