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Abstract
The classical notion that the basal ganglia and the cerebellum are dedicated to motor
control has been challenged by the accumulation of evidence revealing their involvement
in non-motor, cognitive functions. From a computational viewpoint, it has been suggested
that the cerebellum, the basal ganglia, and the cerebral cortex are specialized for
different types of learning: namely, supervised learning, reinforcement learning and
unsupervised learning, respectively. This idea of learning-oriented specialization
is helpful in understanding the complementary roles of the basal ganglia and the cerebellum
in motor control and cognitive functions.