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      MaizeGDB update: new tools, data and interface for the maize model organism database

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          Abstract

          MaizeGDB is a highly curated, community-oriented database and informatics service to researchers focused on the crop plant and model organism Zea mays ssp. mays. Although some form of the maize community database has existed over the last 25 years, there have only been two major releases. In 1991, the original maize genetics database MaizeDB was created. In 2003, the combined contents of MaizeDB and the sequence data from ZmDB were made accessible as a single resource named MaizeGDB. Over the next decade, MaizeGDB became more sequence driven while still maintaining traditional maize genetics datasets. This enabled the project to meet the continued growing and evolving needs of the maize research community, yet the interface and underlying infrastructure remained unchanged. In 2015, the MaizeGDB team completed a multi-year effort to update the MaizeGDB resource by reorganizing existing data, upgrading hardware and infrastructure, creating new tools, incorporating new data types (including diversity data, expression data, gene models, and metabolic pathways), and developing and deploying a modern interface. In addition to coordinating a data resource, the MaizeGDB team coordinates activities and provides technical support to the maize research community. MaizeGDB is accessible online at http://www.maizegdb.org.

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          Most cited references49

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          Gene Ontology: tool for the unification of biology

          Genomic sequencing has made it clear that a large fraction of the genes specifying the core biological functions are shared by all eukaryotes. Knowledge of the biological role of such shared proteins in one organism can often be transferred to other organisms. The goal of the Gene Ontology Consortium is to produce a dynamic, controlled vocabulary that can be applied to all eukaryotes even as knowledge of gene and protein roles in cells is accumulating and changing. To this end, three independent ontologies accessible on the World-Wide Web (http://www.geneontology.org) are being constructed: biological process, molecular function and cellular component.
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            The generic genome browser: a building block for a model organism system database.

            The Generic Model Organism System Database Project (GMOD) seeks to develop reusable software components for model organism system databases. In this paper we describe the Generic Genome Browser (GBrowse), a Web-based application for displaying genomic annotations and other features. For the end user, features of the browser include the ability to scroll and zoom through arbitrary regions of a genome, to enter a region of the genome by searching for a landmark or performing a full text search of all features, and the ability to enable and disable tracks and change their relative order and appearance. The user can upload private annotations to view them in the context of the public ones, and publish those annotations to the community. For the data provider, features of the browser software include reliance on readily available open source components, simple installation, flexible configuration, and easy integration with other components of a model organism system Web site. GBrowse is freely available under an open source license. The software, its documentation, and support are available at http://www.gmod.org.
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              The B73 maize genome: complexity, diversity, and dynamics.

              We report an improved draft nucleotide sequence of the 2.3-gigabase genome of maize, an important crop plant and model for biological research. Over 32,000 genes were predicted, of which 99.8% were placed on reference chromosomes. Nearly 85% of the genome is composed of hundreds of families of transposable elements, dispersed nonuniformly across the genome. These were responsible for the capture and amplification of numerous gene fragments and affect the composition, sizes, and positions of centromeres. We also report on the correlation of methylation-poor regions with Mu transposon insertions and recombination, and copy number variants with insertions and/or deletions, as well as how uneven gene losses between duplicated regions were involved in returning an ancient allotetraploid to a genetically diploid state. These analyses inform and set the stage for further investigations to improve our understanding of the domestication and agricultural improvements of maize.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Nucleic Acids Res
                Nucleic Acids Res
                nar
                nar
                Nucleic Acids Research
                Oxford University Press
                0305-1048
                1362-4962
                04 January 2016
                01 October 2015
                01 October 2015
                : 44
                : Database issue , Database issue
                : D1195-D1201
                Affiliations
                [1 ]USDA-ARS Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
                [2 ]Department of Computer Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
                [3 ]Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
                [4 ]Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
                [5 ]School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
                [6 ]USDA-ARS Plant Genetics Research Unit, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
                [7 ]Division of Plant Sciences, Department of Agronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
                [8 ]Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
                [9 ]Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
                [10 ]Interdepartmental Genetics and Genomics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
                Author notes
                [* ]To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1 515 294 2019; Fax: +1 515 294 8280; Email: carson.andorf@ 123456ars.usda.gov
                Article
                10.1093/nar/gkv1007
                4702771
                26432828
                69487f45-1cc1-49cd-8ac8-ed577a7f12a7
                © Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nucleic Acids Research 2015. This work is written by (a) US Government employee(s) and is in the public domain in the US.
                History
                : 24 September 2015
                : 01 September 2015
                Page count
                Pages: 7
                Categories
                Database Issue
                Custom metadata
                04 January 2016

                Genetics
                Genetics

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