The multifaceted roles of the HORMA domain in cellular signaling

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Abstract

The HORMA domain is a multifunctional protein–protein interaction module found in diverse eukaryotic signaling pathways including the spindle assembly checkpoint, numerous DNA recombination/repair pathways, and the initiation of autophagy. In all of these pathways, HORMA domain proteins occupy key signaling junctures and function through the controlled assembly and disassembly of signaling complexes using a stereotypical “safety belt” peptide interaction mechanism. A recent explosion of structural and functional work has shed new light on these proteins, illustrating how strikingly similar structural mechanisms give rise to radically different functional outcomes in each family of HORMA domain proteins.

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Most cited references 109

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The spindle-assembly checkpoint in space and time.

Andrea Musacchio, Edward Salmon (2007)

In eukaryotes, the spindle-assembly checkpoint (SAC) is a ubiquitous safety device that ensures the fidelity of chromosome segregation in mitosis. The SAC prevents chromosome mis-segregation and aneuploidy, and its dysfunction is implicated in tumorigenesis. Recent molecular analyses have begun to shed light on the complex interaction of the checkpoint proteins with kinetochores--structures that mediate the binding of spindle microtubules to chromosomes in mitosis. These studies are finally starting to reveal the mechanisms of checkpoint activation and silencing during mitotic progression.

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Autophagosome formation: core machinery and adaptations.

Zhiping Xie, Daniel Klionsky (2007)

Eukaryotic cells employ autophagy to degrade damaged or obsolete organelles and proteins. Central to this process is the formation of autophagosomes, double-membrane vesicles responsible for delivering cytoplasmic material to lysosomes. In the past decade many autophagy-related genes, ATG, have been identified that are required for selective and/or nonselective autophagic functions. In all types of autophagy, a core molecular machinery has a critical role in forming sequestering vesicles, the autophagosome, which is the hallmark morphological feature of this dynamic process. Additional components allow autophagy to adapt to the changing needs of the cell.

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Tor-Mediated Induction of Autophagy via an Apg1 Protein Kinase Complex

Yoshiaki Kamada, Tomoko Funakoshi, Takahiro Shintani … (2000)

Autophagy is a membrane trafficking to vacuole/lysosome induced by nutrient starvation. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Tor protein, a phosphatidylinositol kinase-related kinase, is involved in the repression of autophagy induction by a largely unknown mechanism. Here, we show that the protein kinase activity of Apg1 is enhanced by starvation or rapamycin treatment. In addition, we have also found that Apg13, which binds to and activates Apg1, is hyperphosphorylated in a Tor-dependent manner, reducing its affinity to Apg1. This Apg1–Apg13 association is required for autophagy, but not for the cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting (Cvt) pathway, another vesicular transport mechanism in which factors essential for autophagy (Apg proteins) are also employed under vegetative growth conditions. Finally, other Apg1-associating proteins, such as Apg17 and Cvt9, are shown to function specifically in autophagy or the Cvt pathway, respectively, suggesting that the Apg1 complex plays an important role in switching between two distinct vesicular transport systems in a nutrient-dependent manner.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Cell Biol

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J. Cell Biol

Journal ID (publisher-id): jcb

Journal ID (hwp): jcb

Title: The Journal of Cell Biology

Publisher: The Rockefeller University Press

ISSN (Print): 0021-9525

ISSN (Electronic): 1540-8140

Publication date (Print): 23 November 2015

Volume: 211

Issue: 4

Pages: 745-755

Affiliations

[1 ]Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, San Diego Branch, La Jolla, CA 92093

[2 ]Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093

Author notes

Correspondence to K.D. Corbett: kcorbett@ 123456ucsd.edu

Article

Publisher ID: 201509076

DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201509076

PMC ID: 4657174

PubMed ID: 26598612

SO-VID: f053b38b-8a85-48ba-be37-ea8b5d824678

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This article is distributed under the terms of an Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike–No Mirror Sites license for the first six months after the publication date (see http://www.rupress.org/terms). After six months it is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike 3.0 Unported license, as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/).

The multifaceted roles of the HORMA domain in cellular signaling

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Genome Integrity

Most cited references 109

The spindle-assembly checkpoint in space and time.

Autophagosome formation: core machinery and adaptations.

Tor-Mediated Induction of Autophagy via an Apg1 Protein Kinase Complex

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